CCS technologies can be applied to a range of power and industrial emission sources. CCS is currently in a pre-commercial stage for many of these applications, such as power, and in pilot stage for several others, including iron, steel, and cement. For some industries, such as natural gas processing, CCS is already operating at full commercial scale. According to the International Energy Agency’s (IEA) Energy Technology Perspectives (2012), around 45 per cent (or 55 gigatonnes) of the total CO2 captured between 2015 and 2050 will be in industrial applications. Further, industrial applications will account for an increasing share of CCS deployment over time.
