循环碳经济中的CCS网络：将排放源与地质封存汇联系起来

SEPTEMBER 2021CCS NETWORKS IN THE CIRCULAR CARBON ECONOMY: LINKING EMISSIONS SOURCES TO GEOLOGIC STORAGE SINKSJOEY MINERVINISenior Consultant StorageCHRIS CONSOLISenior Consultant StorageDAVID KEARNS,Principal Consultant CCS Technologies CCS NETWORKS IN THE CIRCULAR CARBON ECONOMY2AcknowledgementsThis research was overseen by an Advisory Committee of eminent individuals from government, academia and industry with deep expertise across technology, policy, economics and finance relevant to climate change. The guidance of the Advisory Committee has been invaluable in developing this work. Thanks are also due to the Center for Global Energy Policy at Columbia University SIPA for their review and input to this report.Advisory Committee for the Circular Carbon Economy: Keystone to Global Sustainability Series• Mr. Brad Page, CEO, Global Carbon Capture & Storage Institute (Co-Chair)• Mr. Ahmad Al-Khowaiter, CTO, Saudi Aramco (Co-Chair)• Dr. Stephen Bohlen, Acting State Geologist, California Department of Conservation• Ms. Heidi Heitkamp, Former Senator from North Dakota, U.S. Senate, United States of America• Mr. Richard Kaufmann, Chairman, New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA)• Ms. Maria Jelescu Dreyfus, CEO, Ardinall Investment Management• Dr. Arun Majumdar, Director, Precourt Institute for Energy and Stanford University• Dr. Nebojsa Nakicenovic, Former Deputy Director General/CEO of International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA)• Mr. Adam Siemenski, President, King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center (KAPSARC)• Prof. Nobuo Tanaka, Former Executive Director, International Energy Agency (IEA) and Distinguished Fellow, Institute of Energy Economics JapanTHE CIRCULAR CARBON ECONOMY: KEYSTONE TO GLOBAL SUSTAINABILITY SERIES assesses the opportunities and limits associated with transition toward more resilient, sustainable energy systems that address climate change, increase access to energy, and spark innovation for a thriving global economy. CCS NETWORKS IN THE CIRCULAR CARBON ECONOMY3EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 41.0 INTRODUCTION 52.0 PART 1 – GLOBAL CO2 SOURCE/SINK MATCHING 7METHODOLOGY 7INDIAN SUBCONTINENT 9EAST ASIA 11SOUTHEAST ASIA 13AUSTRALIA, NEW ZEALAND, AND OCEANIA 15RUSSIA AND CENTRAL ASIA 16AFRICA 18AMERICAS 22EUROPE AND UK 26MIDDLE EAST 273.0 PART 2 – CO2 COMPRESSION AND PIPELINE NETWORK DESIGN 28BASIS 29COST BASES 31APPLYING GUIDELINES TO THE CARBONLANDIA NETWORK DESIGN 344.0 FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 395.0 REFERENCES 41CONTENTS CCS NETWORKS IN THE CIRCULAR CARBON ECONOMY4EXECUTIVE SUMMARYCarbon capture and storage (CCS) is a critical part of the portfolio of climate change mitigation technologies and is particularly vital to the decarbonisation of industrial emissions. To achieve a net-zero world, emission-intensive industries have few options beyond applying CCS to their operations.Currently, CCS networks linking multiple proximate emission point sources to a CO2 transport and storage hub is emerging as the lowest-risk and most cost-effective method of CCS development. A significant number of CCS networks are emerging across North America and Europe, and we expect this trend to grow. Industrial CCS networks require integrated assessment of plant design, CO2 transport infrastructure, and suitable geologic storage resources. Of these three CCS network elements, the characterisation of geologic storage basins and formations severely lacks in most nations.This report, part of the Circular Carbon Economy project series, has reviewed emissions and storage basins worldwide, seeking to link clusters of emissions-intensive regions to potential geologic storage basins. The report is in two parts. In part 1, using a single methodology to characterise global emissions and basins, we performed a high-level, regional analysis identifying potential CCS networks by linking suitable storage to intense emissions centres across the globe. In part 2, we present a conceptual approach to designing a CO2 transport network from distributed CO2 sources to a target geological formation for storage, outlining the selection of gas-phase or dense-phase pipeline transport as wel