通过数字公共基础设施促进金融包容性和生产力收益的政策建议：2023年金融包容性全球伙伴关系（英）

PublicDisclosureAuthorized PublicDisclosureAuthorized PublicDisclosureAuthorized PublicDisclosureAuthorized G20POLICYRECOMMENDATIONSFORADVANCINGFINANCIALINCLUSIONANDPRODUCTIVITYGAINS THROUGHDIGITALPUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE G20POLICYRECOMMENDATIONSFORADVANCINGFINANCIALINCLUSIONANDPRODUCTIVITYGAINS THROUGHDIGITALPUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE GlobalPartnershipforFinancialInclusion 2023 ABBREVIATIONS AEadvancedeconomies ACHautomatedclearinghouse AML/CFTanti-money-laundering/counteringthefinancingofterrorismAPIapplicationprogramminginterface BISBankforInternationalSettlements BSPBangkoSentralngPilipinas(CentralBankofPhilippines)CDDcustomerduediligence CPMICommitteeonPaymentsandMarketInfrastructuresDEWGDigitalEconomyWorkingGroup DFEdigitalfinancialecosystem DFSdigitalfinancialservices DPIDigitalPublicInfrastructure EMDEsemergingmarketsanddevelopingeconomiesFIAPfinancialinclusionactionplan FPSfastpaymentsystems FSPfinancialserviceprovider G20Groupoftwentycountries G2Pgovernmenttoperson GPFIGlobalPartnershipforFinancialInclusion GSMAGlobalsystemformobilecommunicationsassociationHLPsG20High-LevelPrinciplesforDigitalFinancialInclusionICTinformationandcommunicationtechnology ITUInternationalTelecommunicationUnionKYCknowyourcustomer MSMEmicro,small,andmedium-sizedenterprise OECDOrganizationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopmentP2Ppersontoperson POSpointofsale RTGSreal-timegrosssettlement SDGUnitedNationssustainabledevelopmentgoalsSMEsmallandmedium-sizedenterprise WEFWorldEconomicForum AlldollaramountsareUSdollarsunlessotherwiseindicated. ii CONTENTSAbbreviations ii Acknowledgments v Foreword vii ExecutiveSummary 1 1.IntroductionandBackground 5 2.DPIsandtheirroleinthefinancialsector 9 3.HowDPIsCanEffectivelyAdvanceFinancialInclusionandProductivityGains 16 3.1TheRoleofDPIsinAdvancingFinancialInclusion 16 3.2TheRoleofDPIsinEnabling3.3DPIUseCases 23 3.3.1AccountOpening 23 3.3.2Government-to-PersonPayments 25 3.3.3Remittances 28 3.3.4MSMEFinance 29 4.AnEnablingEcosystemtoFostertheImpactofDPIsonFinancialInclusionandProductivityGains 32 4.1DigitalFinancialEcosystemEnablersThatSupportFinancialInclusionandProductivity GainsthroughDPIs 32 4.2RisksandChallengesforDPIsinAchievingFinancialInclusionandProductivityGains 35 5.PolicyRecommendations 38 6.PotentialAreasforFurtherExploration 41 7.CountryCaseStudies 44 7.1DigitalID,DigitalPayments,andDataExchangeInfrastructureinAction:Country CaseStudies 44 7.1.1Argentina 44 7.1.2Bangladesh 44 7.1.3Colombia 46 7.1.4Ghana 47 7.1.5Indonesia 48 7.1.6Philippines 49 iii ivADVANCINGFINANCIALINCLUSIONANDPRODUCTIVITYGAINSTHROUGHDIGITALPUBLICINFRASTRUCTURE 7.1.7Rwanda50 7.1.8SaudiArabia51 7.2CaseStudiesonPrograms/InitiativestoAdvanceFinancialInclusion52 7.2.1JanDhanforAdvancingFinancialInclusion:India52 7.2.2DesigningDigitalRemittanceSolutionsforDomesticWorkersinIndonesia53 7.2.3ImprovingDigitalLiteracyintheUnitedArabEmirates54 AnnexA:WorkDevelopedbytheGPFItoSupportFinancialInclusion56 G20FinancialInclusionActionPlan202056 ApplicableG20PrinciplesandWorkDoneunderPreviousPresidencies56 AnnexB:InterlinkagesbetweenDPIsandImplementationoftheHLPsonDigital FinancialInclusion59 AnnexC:AdditionalExplanationsforVoluntaryandNonbindingPolicyRecommendations61 PublicandPrivateCollaboration61 Regulation,Supervision,andOversight61 BuildingInclusiveProductsandServices62 ProtectionofVulnerableandFormerlyExcludedUsers62 References64 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ThisG20GlobalPartnershipforFinancialInclusion(GPFI)documenthasbeenpreparedbytheWorldBank*asanimplementingpartnerofGPFIwiththeguidanceofandinputsfromtheG20IndiaPresidencyrepresentedbytheMinistryofFinance(MoF)oftheGovernmentofIndiaandtheReserveBankofIndia(RBI).TheteamofMoF,GovernmentofIndia,wasledbyChanchalC.Sarkar,Adviser,andthatofRBIwasledbyMs.SonaliSengupta,CGM.ThePresidencywouldliketoexpressitssinceregratitudetotheG20TroikaandalltheGPFImembercoun-triesfortheirsupportandcontributions,theGPFIHonoraryPatron(UNSecretaryGeneral’sSpecialAdvocateforInclusiveFinanceforDevelopment)forhervaluableguidance,GPFIImplementingandAffiliatedPartnersandGPFICo-ChairMagdaBiancofortheiractivecontributionsandconstructivefeedbackwhichhaveenrichedthedocu- mentsignificantly. TheWorldBankdraftingteamcomprisedofOyaArdic,GuillermoGaliciaRabadan,GeorginaMarin,HarishNatarajan,ThomasPiveteau,NilimaRamtekeandArpitaSarkarwithinputsfromVyjayantiDesaiandJonathanMarskell;JuliaClark(WorldBank),StefanStaschen(CGAP),GhadaTeima(IFC),andAlanGelb(CenterforGlobalDevelopment)providedvaluablecommentsandinputs;JeanPesme(GlobalDirector,Finance,CompetitivenessandInnovationGlobalPractice,WorldBank)andChristineZhenweiQiang(Director,DigitalDevelopmentGlobalPractice,WorldBank)providedoverallguidance;CharlesHagnerprovidededitorialassistanceandNaylorDesignInc.designedthereport.TheBetterThanCashAllianceandWomen’sWorldBankingdraftedseveralcasestudiesinthereport. *ThedesignationsemployedandthepresentationofmaterialinthispublicationdonotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartofTheWorldBankconcerningthelegalstatusofanycountry