Toward Mature Digital Education Ecosystems: The Digital Education Readiness Framework

TOWARDMATUREDIGITALEDUCATIONECOSYSTEMS THEDIGITALEDUCATIONREADINESSFRAMEWORK SEPTEMBER2023 TOWARDMATUREDIGITALEDUCATIONECOSYSTEMS THEDIGITALEDUCATIONREADINESSFRAMEWORK SEPTEMBER2023 CreativeCommonsAttribution3.0IGOlicense(CCBY3.0IGO) ©2023AsianDevelopmentBank 6ADBAvenue,MandaluyongCity,1550MetroManila,PhilippinesTel+63286324444;Fax+63286362444 www.adb.org Somerightsreserved.Publishedin2023. ISBN978-92-9270-221-2(print);978-92-9270-222-9(electronic);978-92-9270-223-6(e-book) PublicationStockNo.SPR230252 DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/SPR230252 TheviewsexpressedinthispublicationarethoseoftheauthorsanddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsandpoliciesoftheAsianDevelopmentBank(ADB)oritsBoardofGovernorsorthegovernmentstheyrepresent. ADBdoesnotguaranteetheaccuracyofthedataincludedinthispublicationandacceptsnoresponsibilityforanyconsequenceoftheiruse.ThementionofspecificcompaniesorproductsofmanufacturersdoesnotimplythattheyareendorsedorrecommendedbyADBinpreferencetoothersofasimilarnaturethatarenotmentioned. Bymakinganydesignationoforreferencetoaparticularterritoryorgeographicarea,orbyusingtheterm“country”inthisdocument,ADBdoesnotintendtomakeanyjudgmentsastothelegalorotherstatusofanyterritoryorarea. ThisworkisavailableundertheCreativeCommonsAttribution3.0IGOlicense(CCBY3.0IGO)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/.Byusingthecontentofthispublication,youagreetobeboundbythetermsofthislicense.Forattribution,translations,adaptations,andpermissions,pleasereadtheprovisionsandtermsofuseathttps://www.adb.org/terms-use#openaccess. ThisCClicensedoesnotapplytonon-ADBcopyrightmaterialsinthispublication.Ifthematerialisattributedtoanothersource,pleasecontactthecopyrightownerorpublisherofthatsourceforpermissiontoreproduceit.ADBcannotbeheldliableforanyclaimsthatariseasaresultofyouruseofthematerial. Pleasecontactpubsmarketing@adb.orgifyouhavequestionsorcommentswithrespecttocontent,orifyouwishtoobtaincopyrightpermissionforyourintendedusethatdoesnotfallwithintheseterms,orforpermissiontousetheADBlogo. CorrigendatoADBpublicationsmaybefoundathttp://www.adb.org/publications/corrigenda.Notes: Inthispublication,“$”referstoUnitedStatesdollarsand“SUM”referstoUzbekistansum. ADBrecognizes“Vietnam”asVietNam. Contents TablesandFiguresiv Forewordv Prefacevi Abbreviationsvii ExecutiveSummaryviii Introduction1 1Infrastructure4 2GovernmentandPolicy10 3SchoolsandTeachers17 4StudentsandParents25 5DigitalEducationServiceProviders32 Conclusion40 Appendixes 1ProcessofDataCollectionandModelingfortheDigitalEducationReadinessFramework41 2Four-ScoreCategoriesoftheDigitalEducationReadinessFrameworkModelandDefinitions44 3DigitalEducationReadinessFramework—Definitions,ScoringGuidelines,andDataSources46 TablesandFigures Tables SummaryofScoresofDevelopingMemberCountriesintheDigitalEducationReadinessFramework ix 1 KeyFindingsintheInfrastructureCategory 5 2 KeyFindingsintheGovernmentandPolicyCategory 11 3 KeyFindingsintheSchoolsandTeachersCategory 19 4 KeyFindingsintheStudentsandParentsCategory 26 5 KeyFindingsinDigitalEducationServiceProvidersCategory 34 A1.1 SampleSubcategoryScoreforaCountry 42 A1.2 SampleCategoryScoreforaCountry 43 A1.3 SampleOverallScoreforaCountry 43 A2 KeyOutcomesAcrossDifferentStagesofDigitalLearningEcosystem 44 A3 DigitalEducationReadinessFrameworkDefinitions,ScoringGuidelines,andDataSources 46 Figures Category-LevelScoresAcross10DevelopingMemberCountriesxi 1DigitalEducationReadinessFrameworkCategoriesandSubcategories2 2AccesstoDevicesandConnectivity6 3DigitalEducationReadinessFramework—InfrastructureCountryScores6 4DigitalEducationReadinessFramework—GovernmentandPolicyCountryScores12 5DigitalEducationReadinessFramework—SchoolsandTeachersCountryScores18 6TeachersParticipatinginOnlineCommunitiesofPractice18 7Students’AccesstoaComputerorLaptopatHome25 8DigitalEducationReadinessFramework—StudentsandParentsCountryScores26 9DigitalEducationReadinessFramework—ServiceProvidersCountryScores33 10TeachersUsingPrivateEducationalTechnologyPlatformstoConductClasses33 Foreword Inanagedefinedbydigitalization,theprocessoflearningandteachingisbeingtransformed,forthebetter,bytheinnovativeintegrationofdigital technologies.Recognizingthispotential,theAsianDevelopmentBank(ADB)hasdevelopedtheDigitalEducationReadinessFramework,atooldesignedtoevaluatethepreparednessofdevelopingmembercountriestodelivereducationusingdigitaltechnology.Itaimstoprovideevidence-basedinsightsthatwillallowustobridgethegapbetweenwhereweare andwhereweneedtobetoachievedigitalreadinessineducation. TheinitiativeseekstoalignwithADB’sStrategy2030,andthesolutionsshiftinthenewoperatingmodel,elevatingADB’sroleastheregion’ssolutionsbankthroughholistic,innovative,andintegratedsolutions.Itaimstostreamlineprocessesandcreaterobust,scalablesolutionsfordigitaleducationreadinessassessments,thusreducingresourcewastageandfosteringmorestrategicandeffectiveinterventions.Theinitiativealsounderscoresakeyissuethatwearecurrentlyfacing:ashortageofdata-drivenevidencethatcomprehensivelyencapsulatesthedive