2023中国打击野生动物非法贸易最佳实践报告

China’s BestPracticesin CombatingIllegal Wildlife Trade 目录 CONTENTS 引 言INTRODUCTION01 第一章 法律法规CHAPTER 1 LAWS AND REGULATIONS03 第二章 执法CHAPTER 2 LAW ENFORCEMENT04 第三章 罚没物品处置CHAPTER 3 DISPOSAL OF CONFISCATED GOODS09 第四章 国际合作CHAPTER 4 INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION11 第五章 公众教育CHAPTER 5 PUBLIC EDUCATION18 第六章 社会参与CHAPTER 6 SOCIAL PARTICIPATION20 第七章 挑战与建议CHAPTER 7 CHALLENGES AND SUGGESTIONS27 引 言Introduction 在 中 国 境 内 繁 衍 的 野 生 动 物 中，没 有 哪 个 物 种 比 藏 羚 羊（Tibetanantelope）的保护更与贸易密切相关。素有“高原精灵”美称的藏羚羊，因其羊绒生产的沙图什（shahtoosh）披肩质地轻柔纤细、富有弹性、保暖性强，在发达国家以几千甚至上万美元的价格销售，使该物种从 20 世纪末期遭到疯狂猎杀，种群数量从 20世纪初的近 100 万只降到了 1995 年的 不 足 7.5 万 只。1997 年， 该 物 种被《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》列入“附录 I”，有效限制了其国际贸易。为拯救这一物种，中国先后建立西藏羌塘、青海可可西里、青海三江源、新疆阿尔金山等 7 处藏羚羊自然保护区，实施强有力的就地保护和执法，青海省治多县原西部工委书记索南达杰等人为保护藏羚羊而献身，更是中国强力保护执法的写照。 《中国打击野生动物非法贸易最佳实践》高度概括了中国各级政府、行业、NGO 和公众在该领域的行动，旨在通过总结并分享中国的成功经验，鼓励其他国家采取类似行动，不断加强本国的野生动物保护工作，持续推动全球打击野生动物非法贸易的交流与合作，最终扭转全球生物多样性持续减少和生态环境不断恶化的被动局面。 Among the wild animals that thrivein China, no species has beenmore closely linked to trade forits preservation than the Tibetanantelope. The Tibetan antelopeis known as the “Elves of thePlateau”. Because the soft, slender,elastic and warm shahtooshmade from its wool is sold in thedeveloped countries at the priceof thousands or even tens ofthousands of dollars, it was huntedferociously since the end of the 20thcentury. Its population decreasedfrom nearly one million in the early20thcentury to less than 75,000 in1995. In 1997, it was listed in theCITES Appendix I, which effectivelyrestricted the international trade ofthis species. To save the Tibetanantelope, China has carriedout strong protection and lawenforcement, establishing sevennature reserves for it in Qiangtangin Tibet, Hoh Xil and Sanjiangyuanin Qinghai, Altyn-Tagh in Xinjiangand other places. Mr. Suonandajie,a County- level leader fromQinghai Province, and many othershave sacrificed their lives forprotecting Tibetan antelopes, whichdemonstrates China’s strong actionin protecting wildlife and its habitat. destruction, which should beaccompanied by measures to crackdown on illegal wildlife trade insupply chain and consumption. China’s Best Practices in CombatingIllegal Wildlife Tradesummarizesactions of Chinese governments atall levels, industries, NGOs and thepublic in this field. By summarizingand sharing China’s experience,it aims to encourage othercountries to take similar actionsand strengthen each country’s ownwildlife protection. It is also hopedto promote global exchanges andcooperation in combating illegalwildlife trade so as to reversethe shrinking global biodiversityand deteriorating ecologicalenvironment ultimately. 《中国打击野生动物非法贸易最佳实践》由世界自然基金会组织编写，中国野生动物保护协会、打击网络野生动植物非法贸易全球互联网企业联盟和可持续旅行联盟成员企业的大力支持。采用的案例和数据均由当事部门和机构提供。本文编撰也得到了 GIZ和 WWF UK 的支持。 China’s Best Practices in CombatingIllegal Wildlife Tradewas writtenby the World Wide Fund forNature (WWF), with massiveassistance from the China WildlifeConservation Association, Coalitionto End Wildlife Trafficking Online,and member enterprises of theSustainable Travel Alliance. Thecases and data are providedby relevant departments andorganizations. The writing wasfunded by GIZ and WWF UK. 中国成功保护藏羚羊的实践表明，对一个物种的保护，关键在于源头保护，严厉打击盗猎及破坏栖息地违法行为是动物保护的根本和有效措施，同时配合施以流通和消费环节的打击非法贸易措施。 China’s successful protectionof the Tibetan antelope provesthat species protection requiresthe protection of its source.The fundamental and effectivemeasures are to combat poachingand illegal acts of habitat 第一章 法律法规Chapter 1 Laws and Regulations 1.1 对野生动物实行全方位法律保护 The Chinese government prioritizes the protection onwild animals, allows legal utilization, implements strictsupervision constantly, and optimizes preventive andpunitive measures for protecting wild animals. It hasformed a legal system for wild animal protection. TheLaw of the People’s Republic of China on the Protection ofWildlifeand theCriminal Law of the People’s Republicof Chinaare the mainstay, and theRegulations OnImport And Export of Endangered Wildlife in the People’sRepublic Of Chinaand relevant judicial interpretationsare the supplement. Penalties against crimes on wildanimals vary according to the circumstances. If thecircumstances are particularly severe, the penaltieswill be imprisonment of not less than ten years or evenlife imprisonment, as well as a fine and confiscationof illegal specimens, illegal gains or even personalproperty. 1.1 The Comprehensive Judicial Protection on WildAnimals 中国政府坚持保护优先、规范利用、加强监管原则，健全野生动物保护的预防性和惩罚性措施，形成了以《中华人民共和国野生动物保护法》《中华人民共和国刑法》为主体，《中华人民共和国濒危野生动植物进出口管理条例》和有关司法解释为补充的野生动物保护法律体系。在中国，野生动物犯罪根据犯罪情节不同量刑不同，情节特别严重的处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑，并处罚款以及没收非法标本、非法所得甚至个人财产。 第二章 执法Chapter 2 Law Enforcement 2.1 建立完备的保护管理和执法队伍 1.2 实施比CITES更为严厉的国内措施 The Chinese government has established a systemto implement CITES requirements. In this system,the authorities on protecting wild animals in chargeof reviewing and approving; the CITES ScientificInstitutions conduct the consultation and evaluation,the Customs inspect and relea