CollapseofSiliconValleyBank,SignatureBankCallsFedInterestRatePathIntoQuestion wsj.com/articles/fed-interest-rates-inflation-svb-collapse-3495de76 March13,2023 FederalReserveofficialsmightbeforcedtochoosewhichcurrentissuemeritsitstoppriority—inflationorthebankingcrisis.美联储(Fed)官员可能被迫选择哪一个当前问题值得优先解决ーー通胀还是银行业危机Photo:图片来源:SamuelCorum/BloombergNewsSamuelCorum/彭博新闻 By作者NickTimiraos UpdatedMarch13,20233:43pmET ThereisasayingthattheFederalReserveraisesinterestratesuntilsomethingbreaks.Abigsurpriseoverthepastyearhadbeenthatnothingbroke. 有一种说法是,美联储提高利率,直到某些事情发生变化。在过去的一年里,一个巨大的惊喜就是没有任何东西坏掉。 Nomore.AsharpselloffinregionalbankstocksMondayfollowingthecollapseofSiliconValleyBankandSignatureBankriskspushingtheFeduncomfortablyclosetotheoneplaceitwantedtoavoidoverthepastyear:resolvingafinancial-stabilitytraumaatthesametimeitfightshighinflation. 不会再有了。在硅谷银行(SiliconValleyBank)和签名银行(SignatureBank)破产后,周一地区性银行股大幅下挫,可能会令美联储不安地接近它在过去一年想要避免的一个地方:在应对高通胀的同时,解决金融稳定创伤。 ThesituationcouldforceFedChairJeromePowellandhiscolleaguesintochoosingwhatproblem demandsthecentralbank’stopfocus. 这种情况可能迫使美联储主席杰罗姆•鲍威尔(JeromePowell)和他的同事们选择哪个问题需要央行的首要关注点。 TheCollapseofSiliconValleyBank:WhatYouNeedtoKnow 硅谷银行的崩溃:你需要知道什么 Youmayalsolike你可能也会喜欢 TheCollapseofSiliconValleyBank:WhatYouNeedtoKnow硅谷银行的崩溃:你需要知道什么Playvideo:TheCollapseofSiliconValleyBank:WhatYouNeedtoKnow播放视频:硅谷银行的崩溃:你需要知道的 TheabruptcollapseoftheSiliconValleyBank,thesecond-biggestbankfailureinU.S.history,promptedregulatorsto imposeemergencymeasurestostemthefallout.WSJ’sRachelEnsignexplainshowthecrisisunfoldedandwhatcouldhappennext.Photo:PrestonGannawayforTheWallStreetJournal硅谷银行(SiliconValleyBank)的突然倒闭,是美国历史上第二大银行倒闭事件,促使监管机构采取紧急措施,以遏 制其影响。《华尔街日报》的雷切尔•恩赛因解释了这场危机是 如何展开的,以及接下来可能会发生什么。图片来源:PrestonGannawayforTheWallStreetJournal “We’vealwayssaidtheonethingthatcouldderailtheFed’stighteningwouldbeafinancialcrisis.It’snot clearwhetheracrisishasbeenavertedyet,”saidDianeSwonk,chiefeconomistatKPMG. “我们一直认为,唯一可能阻碍美联储收紧政策的是金融危机。目前尚不清楚危机是否已得到避免,”毕马威(KPMG)首席经济学家戴安•斯旺克(DianeSwonk)表示。 Fedofficialsslowedtheirpaceofrateriseslastmonthwhentheyboostedthebenchmarkfederal-fundsratebyaquarterpointtoarangebetween4.5%and4.75%.ThemovefollowedincreasesofalargerhalfpointinDecemberand0.75pointinNovemberandatthreepreviousmeetings. 美联储官员上月放慢了加息步伐,将基准联邦基金利率上调25个基点,至4.5%至4.75%之间。此前,在去年12月和11月以及之前的三次会议上,美联储分别上调了 0.55个百分点和0.75个百分点。 Followingthebankfailures,investorsininterest-ratefuturesmarketssawagreaterthanone-in-threechancemiddayMondaythattheFedwouldholdratessteadyatitsmeetingnextweek,accordingtoCMEGroup. 根据芝加哥商品交易所集团(CMEGroup)的数据,在银行破产后,利率期货市场的投资者在周一午间看到,美联储在下周的会议上维持利率不变的可能性超过三分之一。 Lastweek,investorswerewonderingwhethertheFedwouldraiseinterestratesatitsnextmeetingbyaquarter-percentagepoint,asofficialsdidlastmonth,orbyahalf-point,astheydidinDecember. 上周,投资者在猜测,美联储是会像上个月官员们那样,在下次会议上加息0.25个百分点,还是像去年12月那样加息0.5个百分点。 TheturmoilintheU.S.bankingindustryunleashedarallyingovernmentbondsMonday,withyieldson someshorter-termTreasuryscollapsinghalfapercentagepointinhours.Theplungepunctuatedhowinvestorshavepivotedfromworryingaboutinflationandinterest-rateincreasestofocusingonhow problemswithbankscoulddamagetheeconomy. 美国银行业的动荡周一引发政府公债价格上扬,部分短期公债收益率在数小时内暴跌0.5个百分点。股市暴跌突显出,投资者已从担心通胀和加息转向关注银行问题可能对经济造成的损害。 Untillastweek,theeconomyandfinancialsystemhadshownfewobvioussideeffectsfromtheFed’s aggressivecampaigntoraiseratesoverthepastyear, outsideofasharpslowdowninhousing. 直到上周,美联储过去一年大举加息,除了房地产市场急剧放缓之外,经济和金融体系几乎没有显示出明显的副作用。 ThenthesuddencollapseofSiliconValleyBankforcedabroaderrethinkamonginvestorsabouttheprospectsofregionalbanks.That,inturn,couldleadtoa significantpullbackinlendingfromfirmsthatfacepressuretoraisedepositratesastheFedhascrankedinterestrateshighertofightinflation. 随后,硅谷银行(SiliconValleyBank)的突然倒闭,迫使投资者对地区性银行的前景进行了更广泛的反思。这反过来可能导致面临提高存款利率压力的公司大幅减少放贷,因为美联储已经提高利率以对抗通胀。 Fedofficialshaveattimesoverthepastyearacknowledgedtheriskofbeingforcedto simultaneouslyfighttwoproblems—financialstabilityfalloutandinflation.Severalhavesaidtheywoulduse emergencylendingtools,alongthelinesofthebank-fundingfacilitytheFedunveiledSunday,tofighttheformersotheycouldcontinuetoraiseinterestratesorholdratesathigherlevelstofightthelatter. 过去一年里,美联储官员多次承认,他们有可能被迫同时应对两个问题:金融稳定问题和通胀问题。一些人表示,他们将使用类似美联储周日公布的银行融资工具的紧急贷款工具来对抗前者,以便他们能够继续提高利率或将利率维持在更高水平以对抗后者。 “Ibelievewehavetoolsinplacetoaddressanyfinancial-stabilityconcernsandshouldnotbelookingtomonetarypolicyforthispurpose,”FedgovernorChristopherWallersaidinaspeechlastOctober.“Thefocusofmonetarypolicyneedstobefightinginflation,”hesaid. 美联储理事克里斯托弗•沃勒(ChristopherWaller)去年10月在一次演讲中表示:“我认为,我们已经有了应对金融稳定担忧的工具,不应该为此而指望货币政策。”。他表示:“货币政策的重点需要放在抗击通胀上。”。 HemadetheremarksoneweekaftertheBankofEnglandconfrontedacrisissparkedbyatax-cutplanthattriggeredfinancialturmoilintheU.K.Thecentralbankfacedthetrickytaskofbuyinggovernmentbonds,whichcanprovideaformofstimulus,to stabilizedisruptedmarketsatthesametimeitwastryingtotightenpolicytofightinflation. 他发表上述言论的一周前,英国央行(BankofEngland)正面临一项减税计划引发的危机,该计划引发了英国的金融动荡。央行面临的棘手任务是购买政府债券