在印度尼西亚实现可持续和高效的能源转型：电力部门重组路线图（英）

ACHIEVINGASUSTAINABLEANDEFFICIENTENERGYTRANSITIONININDONESIA APOWERSECTORRESTRUCTURINGROADMAP FEBRUARY2023 ASIANDEVELOPMENTBANK ACHIEVINGASUSTAINABLEANDEFFICIENTENERGYTRANSITIONININDONESIA APOWERSECTORRESTRUCTURINGROADMAP FEBRUARY2023 ASIANDEVELOPMENTBANK CreativeCommonsAttribution3.0IGOlicense(CCBY3.0IGO) ©2023AsianDevelopmentBank 6ADBAvenue,MandaluyongCity,1550MetroManila,PhilippinesTel+63286324444;Fax+63286362444 www.adb.org Somerightsreserved.Publishedin2023. ISBN978-92-9270-028-7(print),978-92-9270-029-4(electronic),978-92-9270-030-0(ebook) PublicationStockNo.TCS230030 DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/TCS230030 TheviewsexpressedinthispublicationarethoseoftheauthorsanddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsandpoliciesoftheAsianDevelopmentBank(ADB)oritsBoardofGovernorsorthegovernmentstheyrepresent. ADBdoesnotguaranteetheaccuracyofthedataincludedinthispublicationandacceptsnoresponsibilityforanyconsequenceoftheiruse.ThementionofspecificcompaniesorproductsofmanufacturersdoesnotimplythattheyareendorsedorrecommendedbyADBinpreferencetoothersofasimilarnaturethatarenotmentioned. Bymakinganydesignationoforreferencetoaparticularterritoryorgeographicarea,orbyusingtheterm“country”inthisdocument,ADBdoesnotintendtomakeanyjudgmentsastothelegalorotherstatusofanyterritoryorarea. ThisworkisavailableundertheCreativeCommonsAttribution3.0IGOlicense(CCBY3.0IGO)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/.Byusingthecontentofthispublication,youagreetobeboundbythetermsofthislicense.Forattribution,translations,adaptations,andpermissions,pleasereadtheprovisionsandtermsofuseathttps://www.adb.org/terms-use#openaccess. ThisCClicensedoesnotapplytonon-ADBcopyrightmaterialsinthispublication.Ifthematerialisattributedtoanothersource,pleasecontactthecopyrightownerorpublisherofthatsourceforpermissiontoreproduceit.ADBcannotbeheldliableforanyclaimsthatariseasaresultofyouruseofthematerial. Pleasecontactpubsmarketing@adb.orgifyouhavequestionsorcommentswithrespecttocontent,orifyouwishtoobtaincopyrightpermissionforyourintendedusethatdoesnotfallwithintheseterms,orforpermissiontousetheADBlogo. CorrigendatoADBpublicationsmaybefoundathttp://www.adb.org/publications/corrigenda.Notes: Inthispublication,“$”referstoUnitedStatesdollars. CoverdesignbyFrancisManio.Photobyshutterstock. Contents TableandFigures iv Abbreviations v ExecutiveSummary vi Introduction 1 TheFutureSectorStructure 2 MappingtheCurrentPLNOrganizationtotheIndependentSystemOperatorasSingleBuyer 3 FourStagesofPowerSectorReform 8 Stage1:TheCurrentSituation 12 RevenueModel 13 GovernanceandRegulation 14 PLNandIndustryStructure 15 Stage2:InternalSingleBuyer 16 RevenueModel 16 GovernanceandRegulation 17 PLNandIndustryStructure 19 Stage3:Ring-FencedSingleBuyer 20 RevenueModel 21 GovernanceandRegulation 21 PLNandIndustryStructure 22 Stage4:NewSingleBuyer 25 RevenueModel 25 GovernanceandRegulation 25 PLNandIndustryStructure 26 DiscussionandSummary 32 KeyDependenciesandTiming 32 IndicativeCosts 32 NextSteps 33 TableandFigures Table TheProposedStagingofReformsxv Figures 1TheOptionforIndependentSystemOperatorasSingleBuyer2 2High-levelBusinessProcessFlowfortheIndependentSystemOperatoras SingleBuyer3 3MappingofIndependentSystemOperatorasSingleBuyerFunctionstothe CurrentPLNOrganization5 4CurrentStructureoftheIndonesianPowerSector12 5StructureoftheIndonesiaPowerSectorDuringStage2—InternalSingleBuyer20 6StructureoftheIndonesianPowerSectorDuringStage3—Ring-Fenced SingleBuyer23 7StructureoftheIndonesiaPowerSectorDuringStage4—FullSingleBuyer26 8ProposedStructureoftheIndonesianPowerSector28 Abbreviations ADBAsianDevelopmentBank BoCBoardofCommissioners BPKBadanPemeriksaKeuangan(stateauditor) BPPbiayapokokpenyediaan(accountingproductioncost) BPPTLBadanPengaturPasarTenagaListrik(electricitymarketregulator)CPI-Xconsumerpriceindex-efficiencyimprovementfactor DJEBTKEDirektoratJenderalEnergiBarudanTerbarukandanKonservasiEnergi(DirectorateGeneralofNewandRenewableEnergyandEnergyConservation) DJKDirektoratJenderalKetenagalistrikan(DirectorateGeneralofElectricity,whichisunderMEMR) DPRDewanPerwakilanRakyat(People’sRepresentativeCouncil)EPCengineering,procurement,andconstruction HVhighvoltage IPPindependentpowerproducer ISOindependentsystemoperator LVlowvoltage MEMRMinistryofEnergyandMineralResourcesMOFMinistryofFinance MSOEMinistryofState-OwnedEnterprisesMVmediumvoltage NREnewandrenewableenergy PBRperformance-basedregulation PJBPTPembangkitanJawaBali PLNPTPerusahaanListrikNegara(Persero)(stateelectricitycorporation)PMKPeraturanMenteriKeuangan(MinisterofFinanceRegulation) PPApowerpurchaseagreement RUKNRencanaUmumKetenagalistrikanNegara(NationalElectricityPlan)RUPTLRencanaUsahaPenyediaanTenagaListrik(ElectricityBusiness SupplyPlan) SBsinglebuyer SOsystemoperator SOEstate-ownedenterprise TNBTenagaNasionalBerhad(nationalpowerutilityofMalaysia)TSOtransmissionsystemoperator ExecutiveSummary Overtheperiod2020–2022,theAsianDevelopmentBank(ADB)conductedaseriesofstudiesregardingthepotentialrestructuringofPLN(Indonesia’s