HowlargeisthedegreeofdragfromsluggishglobalMacroin2023onChina’sexport? InvestmentThesis Nov22,OECDissuedthelatesteconomicforecastandexpectedglobalgrowthratetodropfrom3.1%in2022to2.2%in2023.AmiddecliningglobalGDPgrowthandpotentialrecessionofUS&EU,howmuchpressuredoesChina'sexportconfrontin2023?Inreferencetothefourgreatpostwarrecessions(1975/1982/1991/2001),thelevelofglobaltradedeclinewasonaverage4.8xofGDPdecline(Floyd,2009).ThisreporttriestocalculatethegrowthraterangeofChina’sexportin2023byhistoricalreviewandscenariohypothesis.Asperourpreliminarycalculation,thegrowthraterangeofChina’sexportin2023iswithin-4.9%~+3.2%,with-1.4%beingtheneutralscenario. Ourbasicideaistoselectthreeyearssimilartothecurrentmacrosituation,fromtimeperiodincludingChina’saccessiontotheWTO,globaleconomyrecession&economicgrowthdownturn,asthereferenceforneutral,optimisticandpessimisticscenarios. Ourbaselineassumptionfor2023isthattheUSandEUwillfallintomildrecessionfortwoquarters.Giventhatthecurrentpressureonexportmainlycomesfromdemanddecline,wechoose2001/2012/2009astheneutral/optimistic/pessimisticscenario.Sincethe“Greattradecollapse”in2009wasapparentlytoopessimistic,wemultiplythemagnitudeofexportdeclinein2009byacoefficient(<1)tobetteranalyzethemagnitudeofChina’sexportdeclineinextremecircumstances. Neutralscenario:in2001,theUSandEUexperiencedmildeconomicslowdownorrecessionintheDotcomBubbleBurst.Wechoose2001astheneutralscenariosincetheglobalGDPpercapitadidnotshrinkthankstothestronggrowthofemergingmarkets.TheUSandEUeconomystayedweakin2001butmightstepintorecessionin2023withsimilareconomicsituation. In2021,thelargestdragonglobalimportfromtheUSwaselectromechanical/mining/basemetals(+13.9%/-9.8%/-11.7%yoy).AsforChina,givenabsentyoygrowthrateof2000,wecomparedthegrowthrateofeachitemwithCAGRin2002-2000.Thegrowthrateofelectromechanicalwasonly1.6%in2001(18.8%ofCAGRin2002-2000),mainlyduetoweakdemandofelectronics,communicationsandotherindustriesimpactedbytheDotcomBubbleBurst.Inaddition,China'smajorexporttoUS,includingmiscellaneousproducts,shoesandhats,textiles,andbasemetals,declined10%+yoycomparedwithCAGRin2002-2000. Optimisticscenario:in2012,whiletheEUfellintodebtcrisis,theUSeconomyandmajoremergingmarketsremainedresilient.Wechoose2012asareferencefor2023for3reasons:1)theglobaldemandweakensmarginallyinbothyears;2)exportpriceseespressureinbothyears;3)theUSeconomyremainsstrongerthantheEUinbothyears.Wechoose2021astheoptimisticscenariogiventhattheUSeconomydidnotyetenterrecessionandglobalGDPpercapitadidnotdeclinein2012,withonlyEUeconomysteppingintodecline. Intermsofindustries,electromechanical/textile/basemetalswerethelargestdragonChina’sexporttoEUin2012andaccountedfor~11%ofChina’sexportintotal,draggingdownChina’sexportof~1pp(-6.8%/-14.5%/-13.9%yoy). Pessimisticscenario:in2009,theglobaltradedeclineby10%+suddenly,severely,andsynchronously.In2009,China’sexportsfellby16%yoy,hittingthelowestgrowthratesince1961.Intermsofindustries,growthrateoftopthreeitems(electromechanical,basemetals,andtextile)declinedto-12.1%/-46.5%/-10.2%,totallydraggingdownChina’sexportsby9.7pp. Asperourpreliminarycalculation,thegrowthraterangeofChina’sexportin2023iswithin-4.9%~+3.2%,with-1.4%beingtheneutralscenario.Intermsofindustries,thelargestshareofChina'sexport(electromechanical,basemetals,andtextile)allexperiencedasharpdecline,especiallyduringperiodswhenmanufacturingoftheUSandEUbecamesluggish.Consideringthehighbasein2022,thegrowthrateofChina’sexportforthreecategoriesabovetotheUSandEUin2023maynarrowby10%+comparedwith2022. Risks:VaccineeffectivenessloseduetoCovid-19mutation,escalatedlockdown,intensifiedgeopoliticalconflicts,deepglobalrecessionduetolocalwars,shrinkingglobaltrade. 6January2023 ResearchAnalystRuibinChen(852)39823212 chenrobin@dwzq.com.hk Relatedreports 《2023年全球经济会真的会陷入衰退吗?》 2022-11-22 《四季度我国出口将呈现哪些特征?》 2022-10-25 SoochowSecuritiesInternationalBrokerageLimitedwouldliketoacknowledgethecontributionandsupportprovidedbySoochowResearchInstitute,andinparticularitsemployeesChuanTao(陶川)andMengDuan(段萌). 东吴证券(香港) 1/8 2023全球经济增速下滑=多大的出口逆风? 11月22日,经合组织OECD发布最新的经济预测,预计2023年世界经济将从2022年的3.1%放缓至2.2%。在全球GDP增速放缓、美欧或陷入衰退的大趋势下,明年我国出口的下行压力有多大?以史为鉴,在战后四次大衰退中(1975年、1982年、1991年和2001年),全球贸易下降幅度是GDP的4.8倍(弗洛伊德,2009年)。 本文试图通过历史复盘,以情景假设的方式,探索2023年我国出口增速的区间。我们初步测算下,2023年我国出口增速区间为-4.9%至3.2%,中性情景下为-1.4%。 我们的基本思路为在中国加入世界贸易组织后、历次全球经济陷入衰退或是经济增速大幅下行(downturn)的时间段中,选出与当前宏观背景有相似之处、具有参考意义的三年,分别作为中性、乐观和悲观情景的参考。 我们对于2023年的基准假设为美欧将陷入两个季度左右的温和衰退。考虑到当前出口的下行压力主要来自于需求的退坡,我们选择了2001、2012、2009分别作为中性、乐观和悲观情景。当然,2009年的“贸易大崩溃”显然过于悲观,我们将对2009年出口下行的幅度乘以小于1的系数,以此来分析极端情况下,我国出口的下 行幅度。 中性情景:2001年,互联网泡沫破裂下,美欧等发达经济体经济经历了温和的减速或衰退。我们将2001年定义为中性情景,因为在新兴市场经济体强劲增长的支撑下,该年度世界人均GDP并未收缩。彼时美欧经济疲软,而2023年美欧陷入衰 退的概率较大,经济走弱的背景与2001年类似。 2001年美国对全球进口的最大拖累项为机电、矿产品和贱金属(同比增速分别为 -13.9%、-9.8%、-11.7%)。我国方面,在缺失2000年同比增速的情况下,我们将各分项增速同2002-2000两年复合同比增速作对比,机电在2001年增速仅1.6% (2002-2000两年复合增速高达18.8%),主要受到电子、通讯等互联网泡沫破裂冲击剧烈的行业影响。此外,杂项制品、鞋帽、纺织、贱金属等我国对美出口大头项目相对于2002-2000两年复合同比增速的平均降幅超过10%。 乐观情景:2012年,欧洲深陷债务危机,但美国和主要新兴市场经济体具备韧性。 2012年相对于202