2022年欧洲安全年鉴（英）

EUISS YEARBOOKOFEUROPEANSECURITY 2022 by DanielFiottandLinnéaCullman EuropeanUnionInstituteforSecurityStudies(EUISS) 100,avenuedeSuffren 75015Paris http://www.iss.europa.euDirector:GustavLindstrom ©EUInstituteforSecurityStudies,2022.Reproductionisauthorised,providedthesourceisacknowledged,savewhereotherwisestated. Theviewsexpressedinthispublicationaresolelythoseoftheauthor(s) anddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsoftheEuropeanUnion. print ISBN978-92-9462-140-5CATALOGUENUMBERǪN-AJ-22-001-EN-C DOI10.2815/844671 online ISBN978-92-9462-141-2CATALOGUENUMBERǪN-AJ-22-001-EN-N DOI10.2815/529759 PublishedbytheEUInstituteforSecurityStudiesandprintedinBelgiumbyBietlot.Luxembourg:PublicationsOfficeoftheEuropeanUnion,2022. Coverimagecredit:JuliusDrost/Unsplash EUISS YEARBOOKOFEUROPEANSECURITY 2022 by DanielFiottandLinnéaCullman Contents Abbreviations4 Countrycodes8 Introduction9 The2022Yearbook15 EXTERNALACTION 1Multilateralism20 EUvotingattheUnitedNations28 2TurkeyandtheWesternBalkans34 Turkey34 WesternBalkans38 3Thesouthernneighbourhood45 NorthAfrica,theMiddleEastandtheGulfRegion45 Sub-SaharanAfrica67 4Theeasternneighbourhood97 Russia97 EasternPartnership102 5Asia118 China118 Indo-Pacific126 CentralAsia132 6Americas135 NorthAmerica135 LatinAmericaandtheCaribbean139 EUROPEANSECURITYANDDEFENCE 7Crisismanagement152 CivilianandmilitaryCSDP152 8Defencecooperation164 StrategicCompass164 PermanentStructuredCooperation167 CoordinatedAnnualReviewonDefence169 EuropeanDefenceFundandInvestments171 Space173 MilitaryMobility176 EuropeanPeaceFacility177 CivilianCSDP177 CoordinatedMaritimePresences178 GreeningEuropeansecurityanddefence179 Partnerships180 9Security185 Hybridthreats185 Cybersecurity187 Terrorismandextremism189 ANNEX Statisticalannex194 Index201 Listoffigures EUDelegationsaroundtheworld23 Stafflevelsbycontractualstatus,Dec2021 UNSecurityCouncilvoting30 Bypermanentandnon−permanentmembers,2021 HornofAfrica71 Conflictmap,2021 TheSahel74 Conflictmap,2021 EUBattlegroups(EUBG)153 Offersandcommitments,asatNov2021 CSDPCivilianMissions155 Personneltotalsasof31Dec2021 CSDPmilitarymissionsandoperations156 Personneltotalsasof31Dec2021 Europeanmilitarycapabilities161 Acomparisonofmajorsystems,2020 PESCOprojects168 NumberofPESCOprojectsMemberStatessharewitheachotherbilaterally,2021 Defenceexpenditure170 Current$million,2020−2021 4 Abbreviations 5+5JMC 5+5JointMilitaryCommission ABL AdministrativeBoundaryLine ACLED ArmedConflictLocationandEventDataProject AfCFTA AfricanContinentalFreeTradeAgreement AFP AfricanPeaceFacility AMISOM AfricanUnionMissioninSomalia ASEAN AssociationofSoutheastAsianNations ASEM Asia-EuropeMeeting AU AfricanUnion AUKUS Australia,UnitedKingdomandUnitedStates C2 CommandandControl CAI ComprehensiveAgreementonInvestment CARD CoordinatedAnnualReviewonDefence CBAM CarbonBorderAdjustmentMechanism CEWS ContinentalEarlyWarningSystem CFSP CommonForeignandSecurityPolicy CMP CoordinatedMaritimePresences COP26 ClimateChangeConference COVAX Covid-19VaccinesGlobalAccess CPC CommunistPartyofChina CSDP CommonSecurityandDefencePolicy CTBT ComprehensiveNuclearTestBanTreaty DoSA DefenceofSpaceAssets DRC DemocraticRepublicofCongo EaP EasternPartnership ECHR EuropeanConventiononHumanRights ECOWARN ECOWASEarlyWarningandResponseNetwork ECOWAS EconomicCommunityofWestAfricanStates ECtHR EuropeanCourtofHumanRights EDA EuropeanDefenceAgency EDF EuropeanDefenceFund EDIDP EuropeanDefenceIndustrialDevelopmentProgramme EEAS EuropeanExternalActionService EEZ ExclusiveEconomicZone EMA EuropeanMedicinesAgency ENISA EuropeanUnionAgencyforCybersecurity EOM ElectionObservationMission EPF EuropeanPeaceFacility EU EuropeanUnion EUAM EuropeanUnionAdvisoryMission EUBAM EuropeanUnionBorderAssistanceMission EUCAP EuropeanUnionCapacityBuildingMission EUFOR EuropeanUnionForce EUISS EuropeanUnionInstituteforSecurityStudies EULEX EuropeanUnionRuleofLawMission EUMM EuropeanUnionMonitoringMission EUMS EuropeanUnionMilitaryStaff EUNAVFOR EuropeanUnionNavalForce EUPOL EuropeanUnionPoliceMission EUSATCEN EuropeanUnionSatelliteCentre EUSP EuropeanUnionSpaceProgramme EUSPA EuropeanUnionAgencyfortheSpaceProgramme EUTF EuropeanUnionEmergencyTrustFund EUTM EuropeanUnionMilitaryTrainingMission FARC RevolutionaryArmedForcesofColombia FIMI ForeignInformationManipulationandInterference G20 GroupofTwenty GERD GrandEthiopianRenaissanceDam GHG GreenhouseGas GNA GovernmentofNationalAccord HDP People’sDemocraticParty HERA HealthEmergencyPreparednessandResponseAuthority HR/VP HighRepresentativefortheUnion’sForeignandSecurityPolicy /Vice-PresidentoftheEuropeanCommission IAEA InternationalAtomicEnergyAgency IGAD Inter-GovernmentalAuthorityonDevelopment IHEC IndependentHighElectionCommissionofIraq IHL InternationalHumanitarianLaw IISS InternationalInstituteforStrategicStudies IMF InternationalMonetaryFund INF Intermediate-rangeNuclearForces INSTEX InstrumentinSupportofTradeExchanges 6YearbookofEuropeanSecurity|2022 IOM InternationalOrganizationforMigration ISGS IslamicStateinthe