利用主题电路促进BIMSTEC旅游发展（英）

LEVERAgINgTHEMATICCIRCuITSfoRBIMSTECTouRISMDEVELopMENT DECEMBER2022 LEVERAgiNgTHEmATiC CiRCuiTsfoRBimsTECTouRismdEVELopmENT DECEMBER2022 CreativeCommonsAttribution3.0IGOlicense(CCBY3.0IGO) ©2022AsianDevelopmentBank 6ADBAvenue,MandaluyongCity,1550MetroManila,PhilippinesTel+63286324444;Fax+63286362444 www.adb.org Somerightsreserved.Publishedin2022. ISBN978-92-9269-915-4(print);978-92-9269-916-1(electronic);978-92-9269-917-8(ebook) PublicationStockNo.TCS220549-2 DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/TCS220549-2 TheviewsexpressedinthispublicationarethoseoftheauthorsanddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsandpoliciesoftheAsianDevelopmentBank(ADB)oritsBoardofGovernorsorthegovernmentstheyrepresent. ADBdoesnotguaranteetheaccuracyofthedataincludedinthispublicationandacceptsnoresponsibilityforanyconsequenceoftheiruse.ThementionofspecificcompaniesorproductsofmanufacturersdoesnotimplythattheyareendorsedorrecommendedbyADBinpreferencetoothersofasimilarnaturethatarenotmentioned. Bymakinganydesignationoforreferencetoaparticularterritoryorgeographicarea,orbyusingtheterm“country”inthisdocument,ADBdoesnotintendtomakeanyjudgmentsastothelegalorotherstatusofanyterritoryorarea. ThisworkisavailableundertheCreativeCommonsAttribution3.0IGOlicense(CCBY3.0IGO)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/.Byusingthecontentofthispublication,youagreetobeboundbythetermsofthislicense.Forattribution,translations,adaptations,andpermissions,pleasereadtheprovisionsandtermsofuseathttps://www.adb.org/terms-use#openaccess. ThisCClicensedoesnotapplytonon-ADBcopyrightmaterialsinthispublication.Ifthematerialisattributedtoanothersource,pleasecontactthecopyrightownerorpublisherofthatsourceforpermissiontoreproduceit.ADBcannotbeheldliableforanyclaimsthatariseasaresultofyouruseofthematerial. Pleasecontactpubsmarketing@adb.orgifyouhavequestionsorcommentswithrespecttocontent,orifyouwishtoobtaincopyrightpermissionforyourintendedusethatdoesnotfallwithintheseterms,orforpermissiontousetheADBlogo. CorrigendatoADBpublicationsmaybefoundathttp://www.adb.org/publications/corrigenda.Notes: Inthispublication,“$”referstoUnitedStatesdollars,“₹”referstoIndianrupees,“NRs”referstoNepaleserupees,and “SLRs”referstoSriLankarupees.. ADBrecognizes“China”asthePeople’sRepublicofChina,“Korea”astheRepublicofKorea,“Russia”astheRussianFederation,and“Turkey”asTürkiye. Themainworkforthepreparationofthisreportwasundertakenin2020and2021,whiletravelandtourismwassubstantiallydownamongmostBIMSTECcountriesduetothepandemicandsomelimitedrecoverywasbeginning.Periodicupdatesweremadein2021andtothethirdquarterof2022basedoninputsfromtheBIMSTECmemberstates.However,sinceupdateddatawasnotconsistentlyavailable,somesectionsmaynotreflectthemostcurrentstatusoftravelandtourismintheregionandamongcertainBIMSTECmembers. TheADBstudyteamforthisreportwasledbyDongxiangLiwithsupportofLaniGarnaceandleadADBsustainabletourismconsultantScottWayne. CoverdesignbyFrancisManio. Contents TablesandFiguresv Forewordvii Prefaceix Abbreviationsx ExecutiveSummaryxi introduction1 BackgroundonBayofBengalInitiativeforMulti-SectoralTechnical1 andEconomicCooperationandTourism Scope,Structure,Methodology,andSourcesoftheReport3 SituationAnalysisofglobalandAsiaandthePacificTourism6 Pre-COVID-19TrendsandDemandDrivers6 MainDriversofGlobalandAsiaandthePacificTourism10 ImpactofCOVID-19onGlobalandRegionalTravel15 FutureofGlobalTravelandTourism17 OverallTourismTrendsintheBayofBengalinitiativeformulti-SectoralTechnical22 andEconomicCooperationRegion Pre-COVID-19Trends22 Tourism-RelatedIncomeandEmploymentTrends27 DomesticTourism:OvernightVisitors28 ImpactofCOVID-19onTourisminBIMSTECCountries29 KeyIssuesAffectingBIMSTECTourism31 BimSTECTourismActionPlan:AddressingissuesandRealizingCircuitTourismOpportunities40 ThePlanofActionforTourismDevelopmentandPromotionfortheBIMSTECRegion41 SampleCircuitItineraries43 KeyFeaturesofOtherAsianRegionPlansandStrategies45 BIMSTECMemberSummaryTourismProfiles50 ProposedVisionStatementforBIMSTECTourism76 StrategicObjectivesandKeyActionAreas78 Short-,Medium-,andLonger-TermRecommendationsforAction89 ivContents Appendixes 1DomesticCircuitsinIndia99 2SwadeshDarshanIndiaTourism:DetailedProjectReportSubmissionToolkit102 3SwadeshDarshanCircuitProjectsinIndia105 4GlobalSustainableTourismCouncilandDestinationCriteria108 5MyanmarHealthandSafetyGuidelinesforTourism111 6SampleDestinationAssessmentForms113 7BIMSTECAirportProjects116 8RoadandRailProjects117 9MaritimeProjects119 10BIMSTECCountryStrengths,Weaknesses,Opportunities,andThreatsTables120 11SustainableDevelopmentGoalsandTourism145 References148 TablesandFigures Tables1 Summaryofthe2006PlanofActionforTourismDevelopment 3 andPromotionfortheBayofBengalInitiativeforMulti-SectoralTechnicalandEconomicCooperationRegion 2 InternationalTouristArrivalsinAsiaandthePacific,2010–2019 7 3 InternationalTouristArrivalsinBIMSTECMemberCountries,2018and2019 8 4 InternationalTouristArrivalsinSoutheastAsia,2018and2019 9 5 COVID-19TravelRecommendationsbyDestination 16 6 BIMSTECInternat