2022年全球金融科技监管机构调查报告

Cambridge UNIVERSITYO WORLDBANKGROUPCAMBRIDGE JadgeBusinessSchool The GlobalFintech RegulatorSurvey Withthesupportof:BILLMELINDA GATESfessdatien UKaid The GlobalFintech RegulatorSurvey Pleasecitethisstudyas:WorldBanka UniversityofCarebridge Tableofcontents Forewords. Researchteam.7 Acronyms.8 Glossary.... Executivesummary1 1.Introductionandresearchmotivation-15 2.Surveymethodologyandsample.18 2.1Surveyadministrationandfieldwor.18 2.2Samplebygeographyandincomeclassificatior19 3.Medium-termimpactofCovid-19.22 3.1TheprioritizationoffintechduetoCovid-19.2. 3.2Fintech,perceivedrisks,andregulatoryobjectivesinlightofCovid-19.25 3.3ChallengesduetotheimpactofCovid-19.28 3.4TheimpactofCovid-19onregulatoryinnovationinitiatives.29 Consumerriskandprotection.32 4.1Regulatorymandateforfinancialconsumerprotection.33 4.2Covid-19andconsumerrisks.34 4.3Emergingconsumerrisksrelatedtofintech/DF535. 4.4Generallevelofconsumerrisksacrossfintechverticals36 39 4.4.1Severityofconsumerrisksindigitalassets/cryptocurrencies 4.4.2Severityofconsumerrisksindigitalpaymentsandinternationalremittances 4.4.3Severityofconsumerrisksindigitallending.40. 41 4.5Identifying,measuring,andprioritizingfintech-relatedconsumerrisks.41. 4.6Challengesinidentifying,measuring,andprioritizingconsumerrisks.42 4.7Challengesinaddressingfintech-relatedconsumerrisks.43 4.8Responsestofintech-relatedconsumerrisks.44 5.Thelandscapeofdigitalregulatoryandsupervisoryinfrastructure. 5.1Proposedconceptualframeworkofdigitalregulatoryandsupervisoryinfrastructure48 5.2ThedataandapplicationlayersofDRSI 5.3TheregulatoryandsupervisoryactivitylayerofDRSI.51 5.4ThesectorallayerofDRSl.52 5.5ChallengesindevelopingDRSI.55 6.Supervisorytechnologymapping58 6.1Mappingsuptechinitiatives.58 6.2Outcomessupportedbysuptechinitiatives.60 6.3Challengesindevelopingsuptechinitiatives. 7.Policyimplicationsandareasforfutureresearch64 Bibliography.68 AppendixI:Listofsurveyrespondentsbyjurisdiction.75 The3rdGl:balFintechRerudatorServey WORLDBANKGROUP Innovationhastransformedfinancialservices,especiallyoverthepastdecade.Muchofthischangehasbeendrivenbyexponentialgrowthoftheglobaldigitaleconomy.whichhasenabledadramaticexpansioninaccesstofinancialservicesforpoorpeople.Yet,increasedaccesstodigitalfinancialserviceshasalsobroughtnewriskstofinancialstabilityandintegrityandtoconsumers.Fincingthe rightbalancebetweensupportingthesechangessofinancialservicescanadequatelymeettheneedsof challengeforfinancialregulatoryauthorities. TheGlobalFintechRegulatorSurveyprovidesauthoritieswithanopportunitytotakestockofthepolicy providesabird'seyeviewofhowexternalshockssuchasCovid-19haveinfluencedthetrajectoryoffinancialregulationandsupervisionoffintechinstitutions.Bysurveyingjurisdictionsfromaroundthe world,withvaryingincomelevelsanddifferingpolicyobjectives,thesurveyhighlightsglobaltrendsin prioritiesrelatingtofintechandperceptionsofrisk. Thefirstiterationofthesurvey(in2019)providedinsightsintohowregulatorswereinitiallyresponding todevelopmentsinequity-crowdfunding.peer-to-peerlendingandinitialcoinofferings.Results catchinguptomarketdevelopments.Thesecondsurvey(oneyearlater)wascreatedanddisseminated showedthatregulatorsrespondedtothechallengesofCovid-19andincreasingdigitalizationoffinancialservicesbytakingbothsector-wideandfintechspecificregulatorymeasures.RecentFindexresultshavealsodemonstratedhowmuchofadifferencedigitalfinancialservicesandfintechmadetobolster financialinclusion. Thislatestsurveyunderscoredtheongoingimpactofthepandemicandhowregulatorsaremanagingpersistentandemergingconsumerriskswithinfintech,howtheyaspiretousetechnologytobetter improvementsinfinancialinclusionandaccesstofinance.AttheWorldBankweseeagrowingdemand fromclientcountriesfordatadrivenassessmenttoolsofriskinfinancialservices.Recognisingthis,the e/giposaduaaipBuizinaesauouaneoeinBaauaumpueoupaocxaosjeseAauns infrastructurestoenhanceregulatoryandsupervisoryfunctionsforvariousfintechverticals. ThefindingsinformhowtheVVorldBankandotherinternationalorganizationsmightoffersupportand technicalassistancetoourclientcountries.TheWorldBankiscommittedtosupplyingevidence-basedknowledgeproductsthatcanhelptheglobalregulatorycommunitybetterreconcilethebenefits,such asfinancialinclusion,andtherisksofinnovationandmanage,whenneeded,thetrade-offsbetweenthose,VVeaimtotranslatethisunderstanclingintopolicydialogueandeffective,welldesignedtechnicalassistanceprogrammesandoperationsforourclientcountries. WethankourcolleaguesattheCambridgeCentreforAlternativeFinancefortheircontributionstothis andrelatedtopics. JeanPesme GlobalDirector,FinanceFinance,CompetitivenessandInnovationPractice TheWorldBankGroup CambridgeCentre forAlternativeFinance BEUNIVERSITYOF CAMBRIDGE JodgeBusinessSchool Thecontinuedgrowthoffintechsandincreasingadoptionofdigitalfinancialservicesregionallyand globallyinrecentyears,presentopportunitiesaswellasrisks.Fintechindustryverticals,suchasdigital payments,digitallendingandcapitalraising,digitalbankingandsavings,insurtech,aswellasdigitalassets relatedac