2022年开放数据状况报告

DigitalScienceReport TheStateofOpenData2022 Thelongest-runninglongitudinalsurveyandanalysisonopendata ForewordbyMarkHahnel,Founder&CEOofFigshare October2022 DIGITAL :science SPRINGERNATUREfigshare "NiHisalsoawarethatnotjusttechnologicaladvancement,but behavioralchangeisalsonecessary toadvancedatasciencegoals" IshwarChandramouliswaran AmyHafez TauntonPaineSusanGregurick NIH 费表现较好，研酸镍价格上行40600元/吨。下游不铸钢产量有所增加，且新能源市场强动，对需求带来支择。 Dr,.MarkHahnel-FounderandCEO,Figshare KeytakeawaysfromtheStateofOpenData2022 LauraDay-Figshare&Dr.GregGoodey-SpringerNature TheroleofpolicymakersinChina:facilitatingthemovetoopendatafor researchersandjournals..11 YuanchunZhouandLuluJiang-ComputerNetworkInformationCenter,ChineseAcademyofSciences TheUSNationalInstitutesofHealth'spolicies,programs,and partnershipstoenhancedatadiscoverabilityandreuse.13 IshwarChandramouliswaran,AmyHafez,TauntonPaine,SusanGregurick-NIH 16 SamuelSimango-StellenboschUniversity InfrastructureneedsofresearchersforopendataaLatinAmericanperspective19 JuanMiguelPalmaPefa-NationalAutonomousUniversityofMexico 22 万吨，国内河南执行减产10万吨，量州、山东均有减产风险。海外需求煤优，国内需求维持弱复苏，疫情对河 HollyMurray-HealthDataResearchUK Understandingandsupportingdatasharinginthehumanities:new 24 MattCannon-Taylor&Francis,Dr.RebeccaGrant-F1000,KateMckellar-Wiley 28 Foreword Dr.MarkHahnel FounderandCEO Figshare 2022marks10yearsofFigshareand7yearsof 'TheStateofOpenData',thelongestquantitative surveyonresearcherattitudestowards openacademicdata. Inthose10years,wehaveseendatabecomeapriorityforacademic stakeholdersincludingGovernments,Fundlers,Publishersand Institutionsacrosstheqlobeandacrossfieldsofresearch.This year'sreporthighlightstheglobalnatureofthispush,aswellasthe stakeholderandthematicviewpoints.Weinvitedcontributionsfrom expertsthatrepresentallofthesefactorsandvariablesinthearticlesin thereport.WehaveahumanitiesandpublisherviewpointfromTaylor andFrancis,F1000andWiley.WehavetheInstitutionalPerspective fromSouthAfrica.WehavethefunderperspectivefromtheNational InstitutesofHealth(NIH)andtheComputerNetworkInformation CenteroftheChineseAcademyofSciences(CNIC,CAS). Theincreasedglobalizationofopendataisevident,notablywith stronggrowthinAsia.Lastyear,surveyresponsesfromChinamade up3%ofthesample,whereasin2022theyaccountfor11%.There hasbeenanuptakeintheChinesenationalgeneralistrepository. ScienceDB,witha21xgrowthinthenumberofdatadepositorsversus 2021.ExpertsfromtheComputerNetworkInformationCenterofthe ChineseAcademyofSciencespointoutintheircontributiontoour practicesandwillcontinuetobeafocus.Thisisarecurrenttheme throughoutthereport;evidenceofsuccessfuluptakeduetotraining. TheStateofOpenData2022 juxtaposedwithaneedfortrainingtoensuretheglobaluptakeand benefitofopendatarunsinparallelwithglobalmandates. Afurtherllustrationoftheprogressionofpoliciescomesinthe waningenthusiasmfromresearchersforopendatamandatesas therubberhitstheroadandgoodintentionstranslatetomore compliance.Thegoalsofopendataandmorebroadlyopenresearch arenoble.Theyareessentialforamoreequitablesocietyandlevel playingfieldforall.Thisdoes,however,mean moreadministrationalprocessforresearchers inmakingtheiroutputsopen.Concernsabout Whoisgoingtofundallofthis?!'seemat thispointtobeassuagedbyfundersstatinginfavourofresearchdata theywillcover"costs",butthesurveyimpliesbeingmadeopenlyavailable thismessageisnotreachingresearchers.ascommonpractice Allinall,twothirdsofresearchersconsider fundermandatesanecessaryfrictionpointfor researcherstogoforwardtowardsthenextparadigmofresearch.In theUnitedStatestheOfficeofScienceandTechnologyPolicy(OSTP) wasinstrumentalinsettingexpectationsforfedleralfundingagencies torequiretheplanningandmanagementofresearchdataresulting fromextramuralresearch.Asaresultofthispolicy,andothers worldwide,publishersbeganrequiringDataAvailabilityStatements (DAS)withinresearchpapers.Thesestatementsaredesignedto acceleratedatasharing. Thisnextparadigm,thefourthparadigmofresearch,ascoinedby JimGrayetalatMicrosoftResearchjustoveradecadeago,imagines knowledgediscoverybasedondata-intensivescience.Likethegoals ofFAIR(Findable,Accessible,Interoperable,Reusable)data,thefourth paradigmpredictsthatknowledgediscoverycanbeacceleratedby makinguseofthemachines.Artificialintelligencealgorithmsand MachineLearmingworkflowsarehighlightingnewpatternsand predictionsatascalethattheindividualresearcher'sbraincannot compute.Thelast12monthshaveseentheseaspirationsbeginto cometoreality,notleastinthesuccessofAlphaFold,theGoogleAl companywinningtheBreakthroughPrize'fortheirworkpredicting the3Dstructureofproteins.Forthoseworkingtoprovideawayfor researcherstosharetheirheterogeneousresearchoutputs,thishas alwaysseemedlikeadistantgoal,butanaspirationalgoalnonetheless. TheStateofOpenData2022 Inhiscommentarypiece,SamuelSimangoofStellenboschUniversity highlightsSouthAfrica'spushfor'DataforGood’-thatprinciples promotetheproductionanduseofdatafortheadvancementof thesocialgood.Transparency,reproducibilityandreplicabilityare theshorttermgoalsofopendatamandatesthatarebeingrealized t