2022年全球天然气报告

Global GasReport 2022snamIGURYSTAD ENERGY ForewordWe appreciate the opportunity to present this 2022 edition oF theGlob al Gas Rep ort on the occasion oF the 28th IGU World GasConference.This edition oF the Global Cas Rep ort covers two very turbulent yearsCovid-19 pandemic lockdowns, with a brief period of excess supply andthe Flows oF gas and has put Europe on a quest to diversiFy its energyK6jaua aus ul wbipejedmeu e 6ujuado mou si reya /ddns se pueindustry.This report comes al: a time when the situation For global ccmmodity andStefano Veniergas markets is in a state of rapid change, and the strategic path ForwardsChief Executive Officer,udoaap eno si sayeanod a pue Aesnpul se a oSnamOne thing is clear, this is a critical and decisive moment For the gas3ed e s3Jey2 pue sisiJ3 siy ybnoJu Aew au3 saebeu 3cH :J2snpu]Forward will shape its long-term suc cess and the role that it willplay in the energy transition and beyond. This is the moment: For thegas industry to demonstrate that gas can deliver a sustainable andsecure energy Future for all, and that natural gas and a portfolio ofdecarbonized, low- and zero-carbon gases are key to an achievableenergy transition.This year’s report assesses key gas market trends from 2020 and 2021,including Covid-19 outcomes, tightness of supply, price volatility.investments, and the upward reversal in the global. emissions trend. ItJohn M. Kangthen turns to the m ain topic on the global. energy agenda securityPresident,and considers key variables impacting it: From industry and policyInternational Gas Unionpersp ectives, as well as considering possible paths to reinforce it.Finally, the rep ort Lo oks at the main dec arbonization p athways Forgas supply, as they progressively develop to make gas itselF a low orzero-carb on fuel For the Future.This report seeks to deliver insights about the glob al gas sector and toinform its st akeholders, partners, and importantly global decision-m akers about the state of play today and possibilities For the Future.It concludes with key insights on how sustainability, security, andcompetitiveness can help to celiver a sustainable Future in line withthe goals of the Paris Agreement and the UN Sust ainable DevelopmentAgenda.Jon Fredrik MollerPartner & Head ofThe Global. Gas Report 2022 is a collaborative efFort between theConsulting Asia-Pacific,International Ges Union ond Snom, pro duced by Rystad EnergyRystad EnergyWe invite you to explore this report and we hope that you find it auseful resource in evaluating the recent, current, and Future trendsFor the global gas industr y.Global Gas Report 20223 ContentsExecutive summary61/Keyinsightsfromthe2020-2021gasmarket6Hlghlights10Demand12ddns15Trade Flows17Pricing21Depressed LNG investment since the pandemic24Slowed FID26Emissions trends27Considerations For the global gas industry31Key insights From 2020-2021332/ Energy Security and Reliability35Highlights36Introduction37Geopolitical risks39Role of natural gas through Covid-1943Extreme weather453/Green and Low Carbon GasesDevelopments51Highlights52Introduction53Carbon capture, utilization and storage54Hydrogen64Biomethane69Global Gas Report 2022 5 Executive summaryIn this 2022 edition of the GlobalA positive lesson from Covid-19 demand shocksGas Report, we assess the key drivershas been the gas value chain's agllity. The naturalgas value chain demonstrated netable resiliencycurrently shaping the gas industry,through the Covid-19 pandemic. Despite unpreceexplore how gas can play andenced shocks to the global energy system andchallenging operationa. environments, gas hasimportant role as a secure andcontinued to reliably Fuel society's critical Functions,reliable source of energy, andincluding power and water supply, hospitalequipment, Food production, and medicalreview the role of zero- anccomponents manufacturing. The industry alsolow-carbon gases in decarbonizing thenimbly adjusted to geographical. and sectorialchanges in dem and patterns. For example, as theglobal energy system. We Find that:pandemic hit different regions at different: times,gas volumes were rerouted to less affected areaswhere the demand was still strong. The valuefrom the post-pancemic recovery. with 2021chain then adjusted back to the demand surgenatural gas supply surp assing 2019 levels.The market has seen unprecedented volatility ingas prices over the past two years. TTF gas pricesfell to record lowlevels of $1.20 per MMbtu in May2020, triggered by nationwide lockdowns and apandemic-driven low demand environment. US LNCcargos were canceled between April and July, as themarket demand remained depressed. Pricesrecovered quickly in 2021 and rallied upward, asthe pace of global economic activity picked up.and gas demand increased, outpacing capacityadditions. Both the Asia Spot and TTF gas prices hitrecord highs, with the Asia Spot price peaking at $54per MMbtu, as Europe and Asia competed For LNCcargoes. The Russia-Ukraine conflict that startedin February 2022 further