欧洲各行业的知识产权与创新

Industry-level analysis reportJanuary 2026 A joint project of the European Patent Office and the EuropeanUnion Intellectual Property Office Joint project team EUIPONathan Wajsman, Chief EconomistMichał Kazimierczak, EconomistCarolina Arias Burgos, Economist EPOYann Ménière, Chief EconomistIlja Rudyk, Economist Acknowledgements Chapter 5, “Participation of IPR-intensive industries in Global Value Chains”, was prepared with dataprovided by Pablo Piñero-Mira and José Manuel Rueda-Cantuche from the Joint Research Centre (JRC). Foreword Innovation is a key component of the growth strategy adopted by the European Union (EU) and itsmember states, and to that end the EU is implementing several initiatives designed to address theissues identified by Mario Draghi in his September 2024 report. The achievement of these goalsdepends on many factors, but an efficient system of intellectual property rights (IPRs) undoubtedlyranks among the most important, given the capacity of intellectual property (IP) to encourageceativity and innovation throughout the economy. In response to the need to provide policymakers and the public with accurate information, theEuropean Union Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO) and the European Patent Office (EPO) joinedforces in 2013 to carry out a study that quantified the economic contribution of intellectual propertyrights-intensive (IPR-intensive) industries to the EU economy. Following subsequent editions published in 2016, 2019 and 2022, this study has now been updatedwith new data for the post-Covid period 2021-2023. The results demonstrate that during the pastdecade, IPR-intensive industries have become even more integral to GDP, employment and trade inEurope. Other studies published jointly by our two offices have also shown the importance of IPRsin promoting growth and employment at company level, especially among small and medium-sizedenterprises, and in securing financing for innovative start-ups. Europe has a long tradition of encouraging creativity and innovation. The member states of the EUand the European Patent Organisation member states have played a major role in shaping a modernand balanced IPR system which not only guarantees innovators their due reward but also stimulatesa competitive market. In today’s world of globalised markets and the knowledge economy, it is vitalto ensure that this system remains effective for implementing new innovation policies. Consequently,the use of IP to promote innovation in Europe is one of the priorities in the EUIPO Strategic Plan 2030which entered into force on 1 January 2025 and is likewise reflected in the EPO Strategic Plan 2028,where supporting innovators and strengthening European competitiveness is a central objective. In addition to the new figures for the importance of IPRs on sectoral and macro levels, this studyincludes new elements which provide an improved overview of the situation of IPR industries inEurope. The relationship between a sector’s IPR intensity and its ability to attract risk financing inthe form of venture capital and private equity has been analysed for the first time. In addition, usingthe latest data from Eurostat, the contribution of the EU’s external trade in IPR-intensive productsand services to the economy not only of the exporting member state but also other member states,has been examined, highlighting the importance of integration of value chains in the single marketand globally. IPR-intensive industries are the backbone of the EU single market and a major driverof cross-border job creation. Finally, the database matching used to identify IPR-intensive industries has been refreshed, resultingin an updated list of the sectors concerned. In addition to providing data about the EU, this reportalso includes information about Iceland, Norway and Switzerland. The study is designed to provide evidence that can be used by policymakers in their work, and toserve as a basis for raising IP awareness throughout Europe. It is our hope that readers can drawupon this information to ensure the continuing strength not just of our IP system, but of the Europeaneconomy in which it has been found to play such a vital part. António CampinosPresident, EPO João NegrãoExecutive Director, EUIPO Table of contents Foreword3 List of tables and figures8 List of abbreviations11 List of countries13 Executive summary16 2.Methodology and data362.1.Methodology of the study362.2.Data sources and selection criteria382.2.1.Economic data40 3.IPR-intensive industries at EU level433.1.Patent-intensive industries433.2.TM-intensive industries44 4.Contribution of IPR-intensive industries to the EU economy52 8.Appendix: List of all 361 IPR-intensive industries101 10.Appendix: Identification of IPR-intensive industries118 11.Appendix: IPR-intensity measures137 List of tables and figures List of abbreviations List of countries About this study The present report, drawn up as a joint EUIPO-EPO project, is the fifth