2025通信站点锂电白皮书

March 2025 Disclaimer The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expres-sion of any opinion whatsoever on the part of ITU, or Huawei concerning the legal status of any country,territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dottedand dashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement.The ideas and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors; they do not necessarily reflectthose of ITU or Huawei nor of its/their respective Member States. The reference to specific companies, prod-ucts or services does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by ITU or Huawei in preference toothers of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietaryproducts are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by ITU and Huawei to verify the information contained in thispublication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, eitherexpressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. Inno event shall ITU or Huawei be liable for damages arising from its use. ITU and Huawei. 2025. White paper on Lithium batteries for telecom sites.ISBNISBN 978-92-61-40211-2 (PDF (electronic) version)ISBN 978-92-61-40221-1 (Printed version) © International Telecommunication Union and Huawei Digital Power Technologies Co., Ltd., 2025Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo), unlessotherwise indicated in the work. For any uses of this work that are not included in this licence, please seekpermission from the respective copyright holder. Within the scope and under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute, and adapt the work fornon-commercial purposes, provided the work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of thiswork, there should be no suggestion that ITU or Huawei endorses any specific organization, products orservices. The unauthorized use of the ITU or Huawei names or logos is not permitted. If you adapt the workunder this license, then you must license your work under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence.If you create a translation of this work, you should add the following disclaimer along with the suggestedcitation: “This translation was not created by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) or HuaweiDigital Power Technologies Co., Ltd.” Neither ITU nor Huawei are responsible for the content or accuracy ofthis translation. The original English edition shall be the binding and authentic edition”. Any mediation relat-ing to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance with the mediation rules of theWorld Intellectual Property Organization (http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/mediation/rules). Third-party materials. If you wish to reuse material from this work that is attributed to a third party, such astables, figures or images, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that reuseand to obtain permission from the copyright holder. The risk of claims resulting from infringement of anythird party-owned component in the work rests solely with the user. Preface Building a high-quality and reliable batteryinfrastructure for telecom networks In the digital era, lithium-ion batteries (lithium batteries for short) have become a crucial force in energytransition considering the advantages of high energy density,1long lifecycles, and easy deployment of intelli-gent technologies. Lithium batteries are widely used, from small-sized electronic devices to large-scaleenergy storage systems (ESSs). However, as lithium batteries have been extensively used, so safety issueshave arisen and accidents have occurred frequently, causing severe losses. While lithium batteries are consid-ered safe in most cases, issues such as short circuits and leakage still occur due to improper materials, inap-propriate design or defective manufacturing. These defects, together with external environment factors, havecaused fires or explosions, and have posed a serious threat to life and property. In recent years, lithium batteries have been widely used as backup power supplies in telecom sites to mitigateunexpected power outages and ensure the continuity of telecom services. As critical infrastructure for infor-mation transmission, telecom sites must operate reliably to ensure environmental safety, economic develop-ment and social stability. Consequently, lithium battery safety is a key concern, as any minor faults may causesevere consequences. To maintain network reliability and stability, robust safety and performance standardsmust be implemented for