2025年全球气候状况报告

WMO-No. 1391 © World Meteorological Organization, 2026 The right of publication in print, electronic and any other form and in any language is reserved by WMO.Short extracts from WMO publications may be reproduced without authorization, provided that the completesource is clearly indicated. Editorial correspondence and requests to publish, reproduce or translate this Chair, Publications BoardWorld Meteorological Organization (WMO)7 bis, avenue de la PaixP.O. Box 2300 Tel.: +41 (0) 22 730 84 03Email: publications@wmo.int ISBN 978-92-63-11391-7https://doi.org/10.59327/WMO/S/CRI/SOC1 The designations employed and the presentation of material herein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of theSecretariats of WMO or the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, area or territory, or of its authorities, or concerning the Contents We need your feedback This year, the WMO team has launched a processto gather feedback on the State of the Climatereports and areas for improvement. Once youhave finished reading the publication, we ask that Climate drivers Scope About the report Who this report is for •National Hydrological and Meteorological Services, to provide global contextto regional and national climate information.•Policymakers, to inform global, regional and national climate decisions.•Scientists and technical experts, as a reference for climate data and trends TheState of the Global Climateis an annual WMO flagship report. It provides authoritative information on the state of the climate system by updating key observedclimate indicators and presenting selected high-impact weather and climate events.It complements the work of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and Other relevant WMO reports What the report covers •RegionalState of the ClimatereportsforAfrica,Asia,Latin America and the Caribbean,South-West PacificandEurope (with the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S))provide more detailed regional analyses of key climate indicators alongside impactand risk information.•TheState of Global Water Resourcesis a comprehensive quantitative overview of •Key observed global climate indicators:global temperature,greenhouse gases,ocean heat,sea level,ocean pH,sea-ice extent,glacier mass balanceand introducing a new indicator onEarth’s energy imbalance.•High-impact weather and climate events of 2025:heat and cold extremes,floods,droughts,tropical cyclones. What the report does not cover How to cite •It does not provide climate projections or forecasts.•It does not provide in-depth scientific discussion.•It does not provide extensive regional or national detail.•It does not prescribe policy actions or mitigation pathways. Summary The temperature of the Earth changes in response to the rate at which energy enters andleaves the Earth system. Increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmospheresuch ascarbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide, all of which reached their highestlevel in 800 000 years in 2024 (the last year for which we have consolidated global figures), Theextent of sea ice in the Arctichas decreased in all seasons since satellite measurements began in 1979, and the annual maximum extent in 2025 was the lowest orsecond lowest in the observed records.Sea-ice extent around Antarcticashowed a smalllong-term increase until 2015, but since then, extents throughout the annual cycle have The warming ocean and melting of ice on land from glaciers and ice sheets have bothcontributed to the long-term rise inglobal mean sea level. The rate of global sea-levelrise has increased since satellite measurements began in 1993. One of the longest observational records of climate change is that ofglobal meannear-surface temperature. The past three years are the three warmest years in the176-year combined land and ocean observational record. The year 2025 is the second orthird warmest year, depending on the dataset used, slightly cooler than the record warmth The remaining ~5% of the excess energy is stored in the continents, increasing the As well as absorbing the majority of the energy trapped by increasing concentrationsof greenhouse gases, the ocean has also absorbed around 29% of the anthropogenicemissions of carbon dioxide in the past decade. While this helps to buffer the effects The vast majority of the excess energy – around 91% – has been absorbed by the oceanin the form of heat.Ocean heat contentreached a new record high in 2025, reflecting the These rapid large-scale changes in the Earth system have cascading impacts on humanand natural systems, contributing to food insecurity and displacement where hazards Another 3% of the excess energy warms and melts ice. In aglobal set of reference glacierswith long-term measurements, eight of the ten most negative annual glacier massbalances since 1950 have occurred since 2016. The ice sheets on Antarctica and Greenland KEY INDICATORAtmospheric carbon dioxide Key messag