变革之气：印度恒河平原和喜马拉雅山麓清洁空气的解决方案

Solutions for Cleaner Airin the Indo-Gangetic Plains © 2025 The World Bank Group1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433 This work is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), the InternationalDevelopment Association (IDA), the International Finance Corporation (IFC), and the Multilateral Investment Guarantee The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of the content included in this work, orthe conclusions or judgments described herein, and accepts no responsibility or liability for any omissions or errors(including, without limitation, typographical errors, and technical errors) in the content whatsoever or for reliancethereon. The boundaries, colors, denominations, links/footnotes, and other information shown in this work do not imply The contents of this work are intended for general informational purposes only and are not intended to constitute legal,securities, or investment advice, an opinion regarding the appropriateness of any investment, or a solicitation of anytype. Some of the organizations of The World Bank or their affiliates may have an investment in, provide other advice or Nothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges andimmunities of any of IBRD/IDA, IFC and MIGA, all of which are specifically reserved. Rights and Permissions The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank Group encourages dissemination of itsknowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attributionto this work is given and all further permissions that may be required for such use (as noted herein) are acquired. A Breath ofChange Solutions for Cleaner Airin the Indo-Gangetic Plains Edited by Martin Philipp Heger, Marion Cros, and Ashley Pople Contributors Christer Aagren(AQM expert, NGO observer to the Convention for the Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution, CLRTAP)Stefan Aastroem(AQM expert, acting co-chair, Forum for International Cooperation on Air Pollution (FICAP), CLRTAP)Saher Asad(Education Economist, World Bank)Silvia Calderon(Environmental Governance Consultant)Sharlene Chichgar(Senior Environmental Specialist, World Bank)Andrew Goodland(Lead Agriculture Specialist)Michelle Hallak(Senior Energy Specialist, World Bank)Yasmeen Hopkins(Transport Specialist, World Bank)Vahid Hosseini(Professor Simon Fraser University, Expert in Sustainable Urban Transport)Ivan Jaques(Senior Energy Specialist, World Bank)Gary Kleiman(Atmospheric Scientist)Hagen Kruse(Economist, World Bank)Yeshika Malik(Climate Change Specialist, World Bank)Thierry MichelRene Martin(Senior Urban Specialist, World Bank)Monica Yanez-Pagans(Senior Education Economist, World Bank)Neha Sharma(Environment Consultant, World Bank)Yun Shu(Senior Scientist, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, CRAES)Megha Sood(Transport Consultant)Iffat Mahmud(Senior Operations Officer, World Bank)Wameq AzfarRaza(Senior Health Specialist, World Bank)Mamata Ghimire(Health Economist, World Bank)Anna Koziel(Senior Health Specialist, World Bank)Muneer MammiKutty(Health Specialist, World Bank)Rajesh Sahu(Researcher, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur)Prateek Saini(Assistant Professor, Delhi Technological University)Jahanzaib Sohail(Senior Economist, Health, World Bank)MukeshSharma(Professor-Emeritus, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur)Saumya Srivastava(Agriculture Specialist, World Bank) Acknowledgments This Solutions Book is the result of a two-year work program, and the close partnership of air quality management expertsand sectoral experts from the abatement sectors (agriculture, transport, waste, cooking, and industries), the protection sectors(health and education) and enabling sectors (institutions and governance, markets, and regional cooperation). Experts from The editors extend their sincere gratitude to Franziska Lieselotte Ohnsorge (Chief Economist, South Asia Region, World Bank),Dina Umali-Deininger (Regional Director, Planet Vertical, South Asia), Cecille Fruman (Former Director of Regional Integration,South Asia Region), and Ann-Jeannette Glauber (Practice Manager, Environment, South Asia Region) for their invaluableguidance. We also wish to thank the following practice managers for their leadership in steering sectoral conversations The editors gratefully acknowledge the invaluable contributions of peer reviewers. Special thanks are extended to the followingpeer reviewers for their feedback on the overall book: Zbigniew Klimont (Director, Air Quality Research, International Institutefor Applied Systems Analysis), Bertrand Bessagnet (Research Director, French National Centre for Scientific Research, CNRS), •Residential Cooking Chapter:Yabei Zhang (Senior Energy Specialist), Mirai Maruo (Senior Social DevelopmentSpecialist), Maha Ahmed (Senior Agriculture Specialist), Ivan Jaques (Senior Energy Specialis