反无人机系统架构

PRIMERwww.cenjows.inBRIG ANSHUMAN NARANG (RETD) PRIMER–COUNTER- Abstract TheIndian Prime MinisterModi’sannouncementon 15 August 2025ofIndia’sindigenous“Sudarshan Chakra Mission’, rivalling Israeli Iron Dome,for creating adefence wallagainst multi-domain threatsisthe most needed defence capabilityenhancement in the next decade.In a drones infested environment with tacticalbattle-space majorly dominated by Multi-Domain Unmanned Vehicles(MDUVs), already lagging behind andno singletechnique canprovide a comprehensiveanti-dronesolution. Hence, the national multi-front C-UAS architecture requires multi-layeredandmulti-disciplinary detection systems spread across all levels, multi-tiered The easy accessibility of drones anditscomponentshasmadethe drones’threatubiquitousinternallyand externally. Hence,the C-UAS concepts are applicable acrossthe nation-central and state governments, military, border / coastal defence forces,para-military and police including CRPF and CAPF.This primer on“C-UAS” Key Words C-UAS,UVs,RAAMD,Kill-Chain,Unmanned Aerial Systems(UAS),ArtificialIntelligence(AI), Electronic Warfare (EW), Radio Frequency (RF), Indigenisation BasicTerminology. It’svery important to simplify the key termsfor a laymanbeforeprogressing ahead with thisprimeras they have been used in this document. •UV–Any vehicle in any domain which is unmanned.•UAV–Any aerial vehicle which is unmanned. Also called drone.•UGV–Any vehicle on land domain which is unmanned.•USV / UUV–Any vehicle on sea surface / under water which is unmanned.•UAS–A system which includes the UAV, a ground control station (GCS) to payload to explode.2IranianShahed is an example.These are also calledOne Way Attack (OWA) or kamikaze drones.•First PersonView(FPV) Drone–A UAV with the target view being providedon the goggles of the pilot directly is called a FPV drone.•C-UAS–An architecture to disrupt the functioning of adversarial UASor any Introduction “In the next ten years, by 2035, I want to expand, strengthen, and modernise thisnational security shield. Drawing inspiration from Lord Shri Krishna, we have chosen Chakra Mission.The entire system should be researched, developed andmanufactured in India, harnessing the talent of our youth. This powerful system -Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, 15 August 2025 The Indian Prime Minister’s clarion call for “Sudarshan Chakra” defensive shield, fromthe Red Fort on 15 August 2025, is a clear indicator of the omnipresent drones’ threatto our strategic sites whether military or civilian like dams, and even our national pridelocations orhigh value targets. While India emerged victorious in Operation SINDOOR soil highlighted our vulnerabilities despite no significant damage in those 86-90 hours.A comprehensive C-UAS grid is thus a necessity today at all levels within military froma rifle company to HQ IDS and strategic sites, in civil from a border village to our Greek philosopher Plato’s proverb“Necessity is the mother of Invention”is the mostapplicable proverb amidst the technology cat and mouse game between drones andC-UAS platforms.Drones were invented by technologically advanced nations to meetthe critical necessity of minimising human casualties which were increasingly notacceptablein progressively transparent battlespace where every operation waswatched world over. UVs were inducted to replace the human capital in performing thedangerous, difficult,destructive and dull tasks.Now that those droneshave become All recent and ongoing conflictshave highlighted that one single C-UAS solution willnot solve the variety,quantumand densityof drones infesting the modern battlespace.Whether be it Operation SINDOOR or Myanmar’s ongoing civil war being fought byboth sides having Chinese drones’ fleet but adopting Ukrainian tactics, or the never- bedynamic, alert 24x7 detecting smallest of threats,warningall impacted, and mostimportantly mitigating the threat temporally and spatially with zero collateral damage. This primer will thus firstdescribethe dynamics of the pervasivedrones’threat,andthenidentify thekey components and technologies within the drones which can betargeted to mitigate the threat.In the next part, the primer willanalyse the various anti-drone / C-UAS technologies successfully tested globally and study India’s prime Threat from Drones “The low cost, ease of availability, and increasing autonomy of drones have madethem the weapon of choice for non-state actors and insurgent groups. From the smuggling of narcotics across the Punjab border to the airdropping of arms inJammu & Kashmir, drones have proven to be effective tools for asymmetric warfare.The 2021 Jammu Air Force Station drone attack was a wake-up call. In under five -Group Captain MJ Augustine Vinod, Retired and COO, AutoMicroUAS, 23 March 20253 Whether be it floods and earthquakes requiring disaster management assistance, orcontrollingfire mishaps,cleaning of railway trains,mapping of land by urbandepartments, spraying