Regulating App-based Mobility: Case Studies from Bangkok, Manila and Phnom Penh

Regulating App-Based Mobility: Case Studies from Bangkok, Manila, and Phnom Penh

Executive Summary

The International Transport Forum (ITF) conducted a detailed analysis of app-based mobility services in three major cities in Southeast Asia: Bangkok, Manila, and Phnom Penh. The study aims to provide insights into the regulatory frameworks and governance structures that can help improve the management and integration of these services.

Key Messages

1. Benefits and Challenges: App-based mobility offers significant benefits such as increased accessibility and convenience but also poses challenges related to safety, traffic congestion, and regulatory compliance.
2. City-Specific Differences: Each city has unique characteristics that influence the adoption and regulation of app-based mobility services.
3. Regulatory Frameworks: Existing regulatory frameworks vary significantly across the cities, affecting the efficiency and effectiveness of service provision.
4. Governance Structures: Strong governance structures are crucial for effective regulation and management of app-based mobility services.

Recommendations

1. Bangkok:

   • Enhance Regulatory Clarity: Develop clear and consistent regulations to address safety and operational standards.
   • Improve Data Sharing: Facilitate data sharing between service providers and regulatory bodies to enhance monitoring and enforcement.
   • Promote Public Participation: Encourage public participation in the regulatory process to ensure transparency and accountability.

2. Manila:

   • Strengthen Regulatory Coordination: Enhance coordination among different government agencies to streamline regulatory processes.
   • Increase Public Awareness: Launch awareness campaigns to educate the public about safe and responsible use of app-based mobility services.
   • Implement Smart Traffic Management: Utilize smart traffic management systems to mitigate congestion and improve overall mobility.

3. Phnom Penh:

   • Develop Comprehensive Regulations: Create comprehensive regulations that cover all aspects of app-based mobility services.
   • Promote Public-Private Partnerships: Foster partnerships between the government and private sector to enhance service quality and coverage.
   • Ensure Safety Standards: Implement strict safety standards for drivers and vehicles to protect users.

Introduction

The purpose of this report is to analyze the current state of app-based mobility services in Bangkok, Manila, and Phnom Penh, and to propose recommendations for effective regulation and governance.

Methodology

The study involved a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, including case studies, interviews with key stakeholders, and analysis of existing regulatory frameworks.

Overview of App-Based Mobility in Southeast Asia

App-based mobility services have grown rapidly in Southeast Asia due to increasing urbanization and technological advancements. These services offer significant benefits in terms of accessibility and convenience but also pose challenges related to safety, traffic congestion, and regulatory compliance.

Determinants of Growth for App-Based Mobility

Several factors contribute to the growth of app-based mobility services, including:

• Urbanization: Rapid urbanization has led to increased demand for efficient and convenient transportation options.
• Technological Advancements: Advances in mobile technology and GPS have facilitated the development and expansion of these services.
• Economic Factors: Economic growth and rising disposable incomes have contributed to the adoption of these services.

The Benefits of App-Based Mobility

App-based mobility services offer several benefits, including:

• Increased Accessibility: Improved access to transportation services, particularly in underserved areas.
• Convenience: Enhanced user experience through easy booking and real-time tracking.
• Environmental Benefits: Reduced carbon emissions through optimized routes and reduced vehicle usage.

The Challenges of App-Based Mobility

Despite their benefits, app-based mobility services face several challenges, including:

• Safety Concerns: Issues related to driver safety and passenger security.
• Traffic Congestion: Increased vehicle usage leading to traffic congestion and pollution.
• Regulatory Compliance: Need for robust regulatory frameworks to ensure fair competition and consumer protection.

Bangkok

Understanding the City

Bangkok is a rapidly growing metropolis with significant traffic congestion and a high demand for reliable transportation services.

Current State of App-Based Mobility Services

The city has seen a rapid growth in app-based mobility services, with multiple providers operating within the market.

Review of Existing Regulatory Frameworks

Current regulatory frameworks are fragmented and lack clarity, leading to inconsistent enforcement and service quality.

Review of Existing Governance Structures

The governance structure is complex, involving multiple government agencies with overlapping responsibilities.

Recommendations

• Enhance Regulatory Clarity: Develop clear and consistent regulations.
• Improve Data Sharing: Facilitate data sharing between service providers and regulatory bodies.
• Promote Public Participation: Encourage public participation in the regulatory process.

Manila

Understanding the City

Manila faces similar challenges to Bangkok, including traffic congestion and a high demand for reliable transportation services.

Current State of App-Based Mobility Services

The city has a growing number of app-based mobility service providers, but regulatory frameworks are still evolving.

Review of Existing Regulatory Frameworks

Existing frameworks are relatively weak and need strengthening to ensure safety and compliance.

Review of Existing Governance Structures

Coordination among government