CIDOB REPORT #12 provides an in-depth analysis of the United Nations' role in global governance and its adaptation to the challenges of the 21st century. The report highlights that the United Nations, established after World War II, requires comprehensive revision to address new crises and governance issues. It emphasizes the need for a 'Pact for the Future', discussed at the 2024 United Nations General Assembly summit, aiming to revive the organization during a period of low morale.
Key themes addressed in the report include:
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Financial Reform: The first two chapters discuss the need for a restructured international financial architecture. Víctor Burguete's chapter focuses on enhancing legitimacy and transparency in financial institutions, proposing solutions for sovereign debt problems, particularly for Southern countries heavily burdened by debt due to the COVID-19 crisis. José Antonio Alonso's chapter explores the financing of the Development Agenda, emphasizing the importance of maximizing underutilized resources like special drawing rights and development banks.
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Peace and Security: The next two chapters delve into peace challenges exacerbated by increased conflict. Rafael Grasa discusses ongoing negotiations for reforming the Security Council, addressing issues of legitimacy due to veto power blockades by major powers. He also underscores the impact on international order values and principles. Jordi Armadans examines the role of peace-building tools from a human rights perspective, warning about the dangers of democratic backsliding and the rise of human vulnerability, which can undermine peace consolidation.
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Digital Transition: The last two chapters tackle the challenges of digital transition. Marta Galceran's contribution addresses global digital pact negotiations, highlighting the need for responsible and inclusive transitions. The report emphasizes the importance of innovation, institutional culture, and anticipation capacities in the multilateral system.
The report identifies key areas needing attention, including resource allocation, institutional effectiveness, and addressing inequalities, while advocating for reforms that enhance the United Nations' ability to fulfill its mandate of preserving peace and security. It calls for a focus on improving governance structures, fostering cooperation, and adapting to new realities, such as technological advancements and climate change impacts.
