IEA Scoreboard 2009

35 Key Energy Trends Over 35 Years

Introduction

The International Energy Agency (IEA) was established in 1974 within the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) to address oil supply disruptions and promote rational energy policies. Since then, the organization has grown to include 28 member countries, representing a significant portion of global energy production and consumption.

Historical Context

In 1974:

• Many countries relied heavily on domestic coal production.
• LNG carriers were just beginning operations.
• The North Sea had no oil production.
• Nuclear energy was limited to a few countries.
• Wind energy, solar cells, and biofuels were not yet discussed.
• The industry sector was the largest energy consumer.
• Cars were larger and faster.
• Offices used mammoth mainframe computers.
• Compact discs, mobile phones, and plasma screens were unknown.
• Liberalization of electricity and gas sectors was not yet a concept.
• Crude oil prices were around $10/bbl.
• The Rio Summit and Kyoto Protocol were not envisioned.

Current State

By 2009:

• Coal mines have closed in some countries but expanded in others.
• Natural gas markets are globalizing.
• Oil production from the North Sea is substantial.
• Nuclear, wind, photovoltaic, bio-ethanol, and fuel cell technologies are widely discussed.
• Cars are downsizing.
• Industries are delocalizing.
• Chips and PCs have replaced large mainframes.
• Broadband data links have replaced telephone wires.
• Home cinemas with surround sound have replaced black and white TVs.
• Laptops, the internet, and microwave ovens are essential.
• Markets are liberalized.
• Crude oil reached $148/bbl in 2008.
• The Rio Summit and Kyoto Protocol are now recognized.

Policy Goals and Achievements

In 1974, the IEA member countries committed to:

• Diversify their energy mix.
• Promote non-fossil fuels and energy efficiency.
• Encourage research and development.
• Create a policy framework aligned with shared goals.

In 1993, IEA Ministers adopted the "Shared Goals" to:

• Foster sustainable economic development.
• Promote efficient international energy markets.
• Encourage dialogue with all participants.

Assessment and Evolution

This 35th anniversary provides an opportunity to assess the progress made by IEA member countries. While the process is complex due to the unique characteristics of each country, the evolution towards common goals is evident. Significant progress has been made in energy policy, but more remains to be done.

Conclusion

The IEA Scoreboard 2009 highlights the significant changes in the energy sector over the past 35 years. Vision and effective policy have led to substantial advancements, though further progress is necessary. If a similar report is published on the 70th anniversary of the IEA, it will likely showcase continued progress towards sustainability and efficiency in energy management.