Key Findings
Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) as a Mitigation Strategy
- Importance: CCS is a crucial component of the most cost-effective greenhouse gas mitigation strategy.
- Cost Impact: Without CCS, the overall cost to halve emissions by 2050 would increase by 70%.
Project Development and Investment
- 2020 Vision: The roadmap envisions 100 projects globally by 2020.
- 2050 Outlook: Over 3,000 projects are expected by 2050.
- Investment Requirement: An additional investment of over USD 2.5 to USD 3 trillion is needed from 2010 to 2050, accounting for approximately 6% of the total investment required to achieve a 50% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2050.
Regional Breakdown
- Developed World: Needs to invest an average of USD 3.5 to USD 4 billion annually between 2010 and 2020.
- Developing Countries: Requires USD 1.5 to USD 2.5 billion annually for CCS demonstrations between 2010 and 2020, facilitated through international collaboration and financing.
Technology Adoption
- Diverse Sectors: CCS technology should be adopted in various sectors including biomass, gas, cement, iron and steel, and chemicals manufacturing.
- Rapid Spread: International collaboration and rapid technological adoption are necessary for the widespread implementation of CCS.
Milestones and Roadmap
- Demonstration Projects: Aim to demonstrate chemical looping, pressure and electrical swing absorption, and cryogenics by 2050.
- Energy Penalties: Reduce the carbon capture energy penalty to 7% points by 2050.
- Regulatory Frameworks: Establish comprehensive regulatory frameworks for CCS commercial deployment by 2050.
- Public Engagement: Develop and apply a toolkit of best practice public engagement techniques for CCS demonstration projects.
Sectoral Contributions
- Power Sector: 52% contribution by 2050.
- Industry: 19% contribution by 2050.
- Upstream: 29% contribution by 2050.
Storage Capacity
- Global Storage: Potential viable capacity of 144.7 GtCO2 by 2050.
- Regional Breakdown:
- Africa: 53 Gt
- China: 202 Gt
- Central and South America: 200 Gt
- Eastern European Union and Former Soviet Union: 207 Gt
- India: 100 Gt
- Other Developing Asia: 100 Gt
- OECD Europe: 94 Gt
- United States: 365 Gt
- Other OECD North America: 101 Gt
- OECD Pacific: 90 Gt
- Middle East: 170 Gt
Critical Period
- Next Ten Years: A crucial period for the development and demonstration of CCS technology.
Financial Requirements
- Additional Investment: USD 42 billion by 2020, distributed as follows:
- OECD North America: 39%
- Other Non-OECD: 25%
- OECD Europe: 21%
- OECD Pacific: 11%
- China and India: 13%
Projects Needed by 2020
- Total Projects: 100
- Sectoral Breakdown:
- Coal Power: 37%
- Gas Power: 2%
- Natural Gas Synfuel: 1%
- Biomass Synfuel: 11%
- Cement: 3%
- Chemicals: 6%
- Iron and Steel: 12%
- Gas Processing: 28%
Emissions Avoidance
- 2020 Emissions Avoided: 255 Mt/yr
- 2050 Contributions:
- Biomass Power: 4.8%
- Coal Power: 39.6%
- Gas Power: 8.4%
- Biomass Synfuel: 20.2%
- Natural Gas Synfuel: 4%
- Gas Processing: 4.3%
- Iron and Steel: 10%
- Pulp and Paper: 0.2%
- Chemicals: 3.3%
- Cement: 5.3%
