Implementing Clean Energy Transitions

Implementing CleanEnergy TransitionsFocus on road transport in emerging economies INTERNATIONAL ENERGYAGENCY The IEA examines thefull spectrumof energy issuesincluding oil, gas andcoal supply anddemand, renewableenergy technologies,electricity markets,energy efficiency,access to energy,demand sidemanagement andmuch more. Throughits work, the IEAadvocates policies thatwill enhance thereliability, affordabilityand sustainability ofenergy in its31member countries,13associationcountries and beyond. IEA membercountries: IEA associationcountries: AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanadaCzech RepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIrelandItalyJapanKoreaLithuaniaLuxembourgMexicoNetherlandsNew ZealandNorwayPolandPortugalSlovak RepublicSpainSwedenSwitzerlandRepublic of TürkiyeUnited KingdomUnited States ArgentinaBrazilChinaEgyptIndiaIndonesiaKenyaMoroccoSenegalSingaporeSouth AfricaThailandUkraine This publication and anymap included herein arewithout prejudice to thestatus of or sovereignty overany territory, to thedelimitation of internationalfrontiers and boundaries andto the name of any territory,city or area. The EuropeanCommission alsoparticipates in thework of the IEA Source: IEA.International Energy AgencyWebsite: www.iea.org Abstract This report assesses the impact of the road transport sector on energy demand,CO2emissions and air pollution in several selected major emerging economiesover the coming decades under several IEA modelling scenarios. Most notablythe Announced Pledges Scenario (APS) aims to show to what extent announcedambitions and targets, including the most recent ones, are on the path to deliveremissions reductions required to achieve net zero emissions by 2050. Bringing about a road transport decarbonisation pathway in line with the APSinthe selected major emerging economies-Brazil,People’s Republic ofChina,India,Indonesia,Mexico and South Africa-will require significantenhancement of existing policies and the introduction of new innovative policiesand measures in each of selected countries. Our report sets out six policyareas critical to the achievement of the road transport transitions and a series ofrecommendations for strengthening financing for the sector. Importantly,the report provides detailed reference to a wide range ofpolicymeasures and good practice already in place in many major emergingeconomies elsewhere to facilitate knowledge sharing among countries. It alsoplaces a special emphasis on the road transport sectors of India and Indonesia.These countries areIEA partners in their respective regions and benefitfrom an enhanced programme of work. Acknowledgements Implementing Clean Energy Transitions: Focus on road transport in emergingeconomiesis a report prepared by the Energy and Environment Division of theInternational Energy Agency (IEA).David Fischer, Project Co-ordinator andClimate Policy Analyst, andKieran McNamara, Acting Head of the Environmentand Climate Change Unit, led and co-ordinated the publication. The authors areDavid Fischer,Kieran McNamara,Gabriel Saive,XiushanChen,Insa Handschuch,Britta Labuhn,Theresa Gebhardt and BihterGülsoy. Tom Howes and Sara Moarif provided valuable feedback, support andoverall guidance to the project. The report benefited from a wealth of data and insights provided from across theIEA, in particular the Energy Demand Outlook Division, the Energy TechnologyPolicy Division, the Energy Supply and Investment Outlook Division, the EnergyEfficiency Division and the Renewable Energy Division. The authors would like tothankespecially the following current and former IEA colleagues:OskarasAlsauskas,Stéphanie Bouckaert,Elizabeth Connelly,Laura Cozzi,DavideD’Ambrosio, Tanguy de Bienassis, Araceli Fernandez Pales, Emma Gordon,Timur Guel, Mathilde Huismans, Martin Kueppers, Shane McDonagh, JeremyMoorhouse, Leonardo Paoli, Apostolos Petropoulos, Ryszard Pospiech, AlisonPridmore, Aditya Ramji and Jacob Teter. The authors would also like to thank the International Institute for Applied SystemsAnalysis, in particular Jens Borken-Kleefeld, for providing data on air quality andhealth co-benefits of road transport transitions. Sincere thanks also to Jean-Christian Brunke for expert advice and feedback onthe marginal abatement cost curves. Valuable contributions to and feedback on the report were also provided by otherIEA colleagues: Edith Bayer, Alejandra Bernal, Natalie Kauf, Rebecca McKimm,Hugo Salamanca and Cornelia Schenk. The authors are also grateful for valuable comments and feedback from externalexperts, including: Koichiro Aikawa (Honda), Pierpaolo Cazzola (University ofCalifornia, Davis), Nikolas Hill (Ricardo), Wang Meng (Sina), Hidenori Moriya(Toyota), Andi Novianto (Government of Indonesia), Kentaro Oe (Japan Ministryof Foreign Affairs), Rizky Aditya Putra (ASEAN Centre for Energy), Saon Ray(IndianCouncil for Research on International Economic Relations),Simon Roberts (C40 Cities), Yin Le (Energy Foundation China) and Lu