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Colombia 2023

信息技术2023-09-04国际能源署H***

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Energy Policy Review for Colombia 2023

Executive Summary

Key Recommendations: The report highlights the need for enhanced energy reliability, affordability, and sustainability through improved policies.

General Energy Policy

Country Overview: Colombia is examined in terms of its energy supply and demand, strategies, and targets.
Energy Supply and Demand: The country’s energy mix includes oil, gas, coal, and renewables, with a focus on balancing supply and demand.
Energy Strategies and Targets: Colombia aims to achieve specific targets related to energy efficiency, renewable energy adoption, and reducing carbon emissions.
Energy Data and Statistics: Detailed data on energy consumption, production, and infrastructure are provided, highlighting key trends and challenges.

Energy System Transformation

Energy and Climate Change: Colombia faces significant energy-related CO2 emissions, driven by fossil fuel use. The country has set climate change targets and implemented mitigation policies.
Energy Efficiency: Improvements in industrial, building, and transport sectors are recommended to enhance energy efficiency.
Renewable Energy: The report discusses trends in renewable energy across different sectors and sets targets for increased adoption.

Energy Security

Electricity: The electricity sector is analyzed in terms of supply and demand, transmission, and market structure. Emergency response plans are reviewed.
Coal: Coal production and demand are assessed, with a focus on transition policies.
Natural Gas: Supply and demand, infrastructure, market structure, and policies are evaluated.
Oil: Supply and demand, pricing, taxation, and security measures are discussed.

Recommendations

Energy Reliability and Affordability: Policies should focus on ensuring stable and affordable energy supplies.
Sustainability: Enhanced efforts towards reducing carbon emissions and promoting renewable energy are recommended.
Energy Efficiency: Increased focus on energy efficiency in various sectors is advised.
Research and Innovation: Greater investment in energy research, development, and innovation is suggested.

Conclusion The International Energy Agency (IEA) provides a comprehensive review of Colombia’s energy policies and systems, highlighting areas for improvement and recommending targeted actions to enhance energy reliability, affordability, and sustainability.

Colombia2023 EnergyPolicyReview INTERNATIONALENERGYAGENCY TheIEAexaminesthefullspectrum ofenergyissuesincludingoil,gasandcoalsupplyanddemand,renewableenergytechnologies,electricitymarkets,energyefficiency,accesstoenergy,demandsidemanagementandmuchmore.Throughitswork,theIEAadvocatespoliciesthatwillenhancethereliability,affordabilityandsustainabilityofenergyinits 31membercountries, 13associationcountriesandbeyond. Thispublicationandanymapincludedhereinarewithoutprejudicetothestatusoforsovereigntyoveranyterritory,tothedelimitationofinternationalfrontiersandboundariesandtothenameofanyterritory,cityorarea. Source:IEA. InternationalEnergyAgencyWebsite:www.iea.org IEAmembercountries: AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanada CzechRepublicDenmarkEstonia FinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIrelandItalyJapanKoreaLithuania LuxembourgMexicoNetherlandsNewZealandNorwayPolandPortugal SlovakRepublicSpain SwedenSwitzerlandRepublicofTürkiyeUnitedKingdomUnitedStates TheEuropeanCommissionalsoparticipatesintheworkoftheIEA IEAassociationcountries: ArgentinaBrazilChinaEgyptIndiaIndonesiaKenyaMoroccoSenegalSingapore SouthAfricaThailandUkraine TABLEOFCONTENTS IEA.CCBY4.0. ENERGYINSIGHTS 1.Executivesummary7 Keyrecommendations9 2.Generalenergypolicy11 Countryoverview11 Energysupplyanddemand14 Energystrategiesandtargets18 Energydataandstatistics22 Assessment23 Recommendations24 ENERGYSYSTEMTRANSFORMATION 3.Energyandclimatechange27 Overview27 Energy-relatedCO2emissions28 CO2emissionsdriversandcarbonintensity29 Climatechangetargets30 Climatechangemitigationpolicies36 Climateadaptationandresilience39 Assessment41 Recommendations45 4.Energyefficiency49 Overview49 Industry51 Buildingsanddistrictheating52 Transport54 Assessment57 5.Renewableenergy63 Overview63 Trendsinrenewableenergybysector64 Renewableenergytargets65 Assessment73 Recommendations75 ENERGYSECURITY 6.Electricity77 3 IEA.CCBY4.0. TABLEOFCONTENTS Overview77 Electricitysupplyanddemand78 Transmissionanddistribution80 Cross-borderinterconnections81 Marketstructureandregulation81 Electricitysecurityandemergencyresponse87 Assessment90 Recommendations95 7.Coal97 Overview97 Coalproductionandsupply98 Coaldemand100 Coaldemandandsupplyoutlook101 Coaltransitions101 Coalpolicies102 Assessment105 Recommendations107 8.Naturalgas109 Overview109 Supplyanddemand110 Gasinfrastructure114 Gasmarketstructure117 Gaspolicy119 Assessment121 Recommendations124 9.Oil125 Overview125 Supplyanddemand126 Pricesandtaxation135 Oilsecurity136 Assessment137 Recommendations140 ENERGYSYSTEMTRANSFORMATION 10.Energyresearch,developmentandinnovation141 Overview141 Strategiesandprioritiesforenergyresearch,developmentandinnovation142 A.PublicfundingforenergyRD&Dandinnovation143 4 TABLEOFCONTENTS IEA.CCBY4.0. B.Knowledgemanagement144 C.Publicsupportforbusinessinnovationandmarketcreation145 D.Monitoringandevaluation145 Specialfocus:Hydrogen146 Assessment148 Recommendations151 ANNEXES ANNEXA:Reviewteamandsupportingstakeholders153 Reviewcriteria153 Reviewteamandpreparationofthereport153 ANNEXB:Keystatisticaldataandnotes155 Footnotestokeystatisticaldata158 Statisticalnotesfordatausedinthereport158 ANNEXC:InternationalEnergyAgency“SharedGoals”159 ANNEXD:Glossaryandlistofabbreviations161 Acronymsandabbreviations161 Unitsofmeasure162 LISTOFFIGURES,TABLESANDBOXES Figures Figure2.2EnergyproductionbysourceinColombia,2005-202115 Figure2.3TotalenergysupplybysourceinColombia,2005-202116 Figure2.4Colombia’stotalenergysupplyandtotalfinalconsumption,202116 Figure2.5TotalfinalconsumptionbyfuelinColombia,2005-202117 Figure2.6EnergydemandandelectricitygenerationbyfuelinColombia,202117 Figure2.7Principlesforjustenergytransitions19 Figure3.1GreenhousegasemissionsbysectorinColombia,1990-2018andtargets28 Figure3.2Energy-relatedCO2emissionsbysectorinColombia,2005-202128 Figure3.3Energy-relatedCO2emissionsbyfuelinColombia,2005-202129 Figure3.4Energy-relatedCO2emissionsandmaindriversinColombia,2000-202130 Figure3.5GlobalmilestonesundertheIEANetZeroEmissionsRoadmap35 Figure4.1EnergydemandanddriversinColombia,2000-202149 Figure4.2TotalfinalconsumptionbysectorinColombia,2005-202150 Figure4.3TotalfinalconsumptioninindustrybysourceinColombia,2005-202151 Figure4.4TotalfinalconsumptioninbuildingsbysourceinColombia,2005-202153 Figure4.5TotalfinalconsumptionintransportbyfuelinColombia,2005-202155 Figure4.6NewlyregisteredelectricvehiclesinColombiaeachyear,2012-202255 Figure5.1RenewablesintotalfinalenergyconsumptioninColombia,2005-202164 Figure5.2RenewableenergybysectorinColombia,202164 Figure5.3RenewablesinelectricitygenerationinColombia,2005-202165 5 IEA.CCBY4.0. Figure5.4Colombia’srenewablecapacityadditions,2020-2027(left)andinstalledrenewablecapacityinIEAforecastvs.NationalEnergyPlan(right)67 Figure5.5OutlookforelectricitygenerationbysourceinColombia,2020-205068 Figure5.6RenewablesintransportinColombia,2005-202171 Figure6.1ElectricitygenerationbysourceinColombia,2005-202179 Figure6.2ElectricitydemandbysectorinColombia,2005-202179 Figure6.3Colombia’selectricit

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