The Conference of the United Nations on Climate Change (COP23), held from November 6-17, 2017 in Germany, aimed to advance the establishment of a legal framework ("rulebook") for implementing national commitments under the Paris Agreement (2016). This was accomplished through two significant preparatory meetings in 2017: one in Rabat, Morocco, and another ahead of COP23 in Bonn, Germany.
COP23 marked a critical juncture in addressing climate change due to international urgency and adversity, especially following natural disasters like hurricanes Irma and Maria, and flooding in the Southeast Asia. Despite the potential setback posed by President Trump's intention to withdraw from the Paris Agreement, it galvanized other governments and non-governmental actors to reinforce their commitment to combating climate change.
Approximately 77% of global CO2 emissions come from transportation, industrial processes, residential energy use, and heat supply. Energy revenue generation spans from basic products to new technology development. About 40% of the world's population resides within 100km of coasts, accounting for only 9% of Earth's land area with particularly high population density.
Barcelona's "Plan Clima" exemplifies the role of local governments and society in climate change initiatives. Through an interactive process using the "Barcelona Decidim" platform, the city engaged its community in climate action planning.
Cities are crucial in addressing climate challenges, accounting for over three-quarters of global energy consumption and about 80% of greenhouse gas emissions. Industries, transportation, food production, and water usage contribute significantly to these figures. More than half of the global population lives in cities, which face unique challenges but also present solutions for climate change mitigation.
Cities serve as laboratories for innovation due to their close ties with societal needs and initiatives. They are also responsible for implementing global commitments like the Paris Agreement, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and the New Urban Agenda from Habitat III. Recognizing the diversity among cities is essential, as the challenges and needs vary between developed megacities, developing nations, and medium and small towns.
Barcelona showcases the benefits of urban living, with high population density and low electricity intensity due to nuclear energy dominance in the region. However, the future could see a shift towards gas and renewable energy sources, influenced by plans to phase out nuclear power by 2050.
In summary, the COP23 emphasized the importance of international cooperation and local engagement in tackling climate change, highlighting the pivotal role of cities in this endeavor.
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