联合国贸发会：世界投资报告

UNITEDNATIONSCONFERENCEONTRADEANDDEVELOPMENT Worldinvestmentreport 2024 Investmentfacilitationanddigitalgovernment UNITEDNATIONSCONFERENCEONTRADEANDDEVELOPMENT 2024 World investmentreport Investmentfacilitationanddigitalgovernment Geneva,2024 WorldInvestmentReport2024 Investmentfacilitationanddigitalgovernment ©2024,UnitedNationsAllrightsreservedworldwide RequeststoreproduceexcerptsortophotocopyshouldbeaddressedtotheCopyrightClearanceCenteratcopyright.com. Allotherqueriesonrightsandlicences,includingsubsidiaryrights,shouldbeaddressedto:UnitedNationsPublications 405East42ndStreet NewYork,NewYork10017UnitedStatesofAmerica Email:publications@un.orgWebsite:https://shop.un.org ThedesignationsemployedandthepresentationofmaterialonanymapinthisworkdonotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartoftheUnitedNationsconcerningthelegalstatusofanycountry,territory,cityorareaorofitsauthorities,orconcerningthedelimitationofitsfrontiersorboundaries. MentionofanyfirmorlicensedprocessdoesnotimplytheendorsementoftheUnitedNations.Thispublicationhasbeeneditedexternally. UnitedNationspublicationissuedbyUNTradeandDevelopment. UNCTAD/WIR/2024 ISBN978-92-1-003134-9 PDFISBN978-92-1-358973-1 EPUBISBN978-92-1-358974-8 PrintISSN1020-2218 OnlineISSN2225-1677Salesno.E.24.II.D.11 ii WorldInvestmentReport2024 Investmentfacilitationanddigitalgovernment Preface Investmentisthefuelforsustainabledevelopment.ClosingtheSDGandclimatefinancinggapwillrequireanestimated$500billionofinternationalpublicfinanceand$500billionofinternationalprivatefinanceperyear,muchofwhichwouldbeintheformofforeigndirectinvestment. Butmanydevelopingcountriesarerunningonempty.Globalandregionalcrises,tradetensionsandtighterfinancingconditionshavehadachillingeffectonforeigndirectinvestment,whichremainedsubduedin2023forasecondyearinsuccession.Globalflowsofforeigndirectinvestmentstagnatedat$1.3trillion.Notably,foreigndirectinvestmentinnewindustrialandinfrastructureprojectsindevelopingcountriesdeclined,whilenewinvestmentinsectorsrelevanttotheSustainableDevelopmentGoalsfellbymorethan10percent. StagnantSDGinvestmentandinsufficientfundingisseverelyhinderingimplementationofthe2030AgendaandtheSDGs,particularlyinleastdevelopedcountries.Weneedurgentactiontoremoveobstaclesandprovideatransparent,streamlinedinvestmentclimateforsustainabledevelopment. ThisWorldInvestmentReportshowsthatthelacklustrefinancialflowstodevelopingcountriesarenotduetoalackofinvestmentpolicyefforts.Investmentfacilitationhasbecomeaprominentfeatureofnationalpoliciesandinternationalagreements.Digitalgovernmentsolutionsareproliferating,aidinginvestorsandstrengtheninggovernanceandinstitutions. Butdespitetheseefforts,financeisnotflowingatsufficientscale,duetohighinterestratesandgeopoliticalconditions.Thatmeanswemustredoubleourefforts. Iurgealldecisionmakerstoprioritizethemobilizationofsustainablefinanceatscale.TheSDGStimuluswehaveproposedisapracticalandachievablemeansofdeliveringthis.Ourcallforreformandscalingupofmultilateraldevelopmentbanksisintendedtosignificantlyincreasethecrowdinginofprivateinvestment. Ialsoencouragepolicymakerstoprioritizestrengtheninginvestmentgovernanceindevelopingcountries,toensurefinancialflowsaredirectedtowardstheSDGs.UNCTAD’srecommendationsfortheuseofbusinessfacilitationanddigitalgovernmenttoeasesustainableinvestmentcanplayanimportantpartinachievingthesegoals. AntónioGuterres Secretary-GeneraloftheUnitedNations WorldInvestmentReport2024 Investmentfacilitationanddigitalgovernment Foreword Inaworldgrapplingwithglobalandregionalcrises,thedelicatebalanceofforeigndirectinvestment(FDI)hangsprecariously.ThisWorldInvestmentReport(WIR)servesasastarkreminderthatinvestment,thelifebloodofsustainabledevelopment,isnotmerelyastatisticbutalifelinefordevelopingnations.ItisthefuelthatpowersprogresstowardstheSustainableDevelopmentGoals(SDGs)andthe2030AgendaforSustainableDevelopment. Thechallengeswefacearemultifacetedandinterconnected.Geoeconomicfragmentationisreshapingthelandscapeofglobalinvestment.Tradenetworksarefragmenting,regulatoryenvironmentsaredivergingandinternationalsupplychainsarebeingreconfigured.Theseshiftscreatebothobstaclesandisolatedopportunities,withsomecountriesbenefitingfrominvestmentsinglobalvaluechain-intensivemanufacturingwhileothersstruggletoparticipateintheglobaleconomy. Overall,however,thesetrendsareleadingtoafurtherdeteriorationoftheinternationalinvestmentlandscapeasseenfromthedevelopingworld.Lastyear,FDIfellbymorethan10percentglobally,andby7percentinthedevelopingworld.Internationalprojectfinance,crucialforinfrastructuredevelopment,wasparticularlyhardhit,fallingby26percent.Prospectsfor2024remainchallenging,withweakeninggrowthprospectsandcontinuingtradeandgeopoliticaltensions. Furthermore,theWIRrevealsacrisisinSDGinvestment,withamorethan10percentdecreasein2023.Twosectors,agrifoodsystemsandwaterandsanitation,registeredfewerinternationallyfinancedprojectsin2023thanin2015,whentheSDGswereadopted.Thisdecline,drivenbytighterfinancingconditionsandaslowdowninsustainablefinancemark