Feed the Future Bangladesh: Zone of Influence Survey 2018/2019 Baseline

FeedtheFutureBANGLADESH ZoneofInfluenceSurvey2018/2019—BaselineJuly2022 ThispublicationwaspreparedforreviewbytheUnitedStatesAgencyforInternationalDevelopment.ItwaspreparedbytheInternationalFoodPolicyResearchInstitute(IFPRI)fortheUnitedStatesAgencyforInternationalDevelopment,USAIDContractNumberEEM-G-00-04-00013-00. RecommendedCitation: FeedtheFuture.2020.FeedtheFutureBangladeshZoneofInfluenceSurvey2018/2019Baseline. USAIDBureauforResilienceandFoodSecurityContact:rfs.ald@usaid.gov TABLEOFCONTENTS Listoftablesiv Listoffiguresix Listofabbreviationsx Executivesummaryxii Backgroundxii BangladeshFeedtheFuturePhase2ZOI2018/2019BaselineSurveyindicatorsxii Summaryofkeyfindingsxx Householdeconomicstatusxx Resiliencexx AbbreviatedWomen’sEmpowermentinAgricultureIndex(A-WEAI)xxi Agriculturexxi Foodinsecurityanddietaryintakexxii Nutritionalstatusofwomenandchildrenxxiii Water,sanitation,andhygienexxiii 1Background1 1.1FeedtheFutureoverview1 1.2FeedtheFutureZOIprofile4 1.2.1RationaleforZOIselection6 1.2.2DemographyoftheZOI6 1.2.3ClimateandagricultureintheZOI12 1.3Purposeofthisassessment13 2MethodologyforobtainingvaluesforFeedtheFutureindicators14 2.1Methodology14 2.1.1Surveysampledesign14 2.1.2Questionnairedesign15 2.1.3Timingofthesurvey16 2.1.4Listing17 2.1.5Trainingformainfieldwork17 2.1.6Fieldwork17 2.1.7Datamanagementandanalysis18 2.1.8Limitationsofthesurvey21 2.1.9ZOISurveyresponserates21 2.1Measuresandreportingconventionsusedthroughoutthisreport22 2.1.1Standardindicatordisaggregates22 2.1.2Reportingconventions24 2.1.3Understandingresultstablesinthisreport25 3DemographiccharacteristicsintheZOI35 3.1Householddemographics35 3.2Householdmembereducation39 3.3Dwellingcharacteristicsandlivingconditions40 3.4Water,sanitation,andhygiene43 4Householdeconomicstatus46 4.1MeasuresofpovertyintheZOI48 4.1.1The$1.90povertythreshold48 4.1.2Thenationalpovertythreshold51 4.1.3Thenationalextremepovertythreshold55 4.2Asset-basedwealthindexandcomparativewealthindex57 5Resilience63 5.1Shockexposureandseverity63 5.2Abilitytorecoverfromshocksandstressesindex66 5.3Resiliencecapacities69 5.3.1Proportionofhouseholdsthatbelievelocalgovernmentwillrespondeffectivelytofutureshocksandstresses69 5.3.2Proportionofhouseholdsparticipatingingroup-basedsavings,micro-finance,orlendingprograms71 5.3.3Indexofsocialcapital73 6Women’sempowermentinagriculture75 6.1Overview75 6.2SummaryofA-WEAIresults78 6.3A-WEAIdomainandindicatorresults80 6.4DescriptivestatisticsforA-WEAIdomainsandindicators84 6.4.1Production84 6.4.2Resources85 6.4.3Income88 6.4.4Leadership89 6.4.5Time90 7Targetedagriculturevaluechains92 7.1Ricecultivation93 7.1.1CultivationofriceinBangladesh93 7.1.2Farmers’background93 7.1.3Applicationofmanagementpracticesandtechnologiesbyricefarmers96 7.1.4Useofimprovedmanagementpracticesandtechnologies109 7.1.5Riceyields111 7.1.6Agrometeorologicalcontext116 7.2Fishpondaquaculture121 7.2.1FishpondaquacultureinBangladesh121 7.2.2Farmers’background122 7.2.3Applicationofmanagementpracticesandtechnologiesbyfarmers124 7.2.4Useofimprovedmanagementpracticesandtechnologies138 7.2.5Yieldoffishponds140 7.3Dairyfarming144 7.4Lookingacrossrice,fishponds,anddairycows171 8Foodinsecurityanddietaryintake174 8.1Foodinsecurity174 8.2Women’sminimumdietarydiversity178 8.3Infantandyoungchildfeeding182 8.3.1Exclusivebreastfeeding182 8.3.2Minimumacceptablediet183 9Nutritionalstatusofwomenandchildren188 9.1Bodymassindexofwomenage15-49years188 9.2Stunting,wasting,andhealthyweightamongchildrenunder5yearsofage190 9.2.1Stunting(lowheight-for-age)190 9.2.2Wasting(lowweight-for-height)andhealthyweight192 10Summaryandconclusions196 References202 Appendix1.Supplementarydata212 A1.1FeedtheFutureZOISurveyindicatorestimatesandmoduleresponserates212 A1.2AbbreviatedWomen’sEmpowermentinAgricultureIndexresultsforindicatorsthat composethefivedomainsofempowerment,usinguncensoredheadcountratios222 A1.3PovertyindicatorsattheUSD$1.25(2005PPP)perpersonperdaythreshold223 Appendix2.Methodology225 A2.1Samplingandweighting225 Sampling225 Weighting229 A2.2aPovertyprevalenceandconsumptionexpendituremethods234 A2.3CriteriaforachievingadequacyforWomen’sEmpowermentinAgricultureIndicators242 Appendix3.Dataquality247 LISTOFTABLES TableES1:FeedtheFutureIndicatorEstimates,byKeyDisaggregates,Bangladesh2018/2019xiv Table1.2.1:PopulationofIndividualsintheZOI,byCategory,Bangladesh2018/20198 Table1.2.2:PopulationofIndividualFarmersofTargetedValueChainCommoditiesintheZOI,byCategory,Bangladesh2018/20199 Table1.2.3:NumberofHouseholdsintheZOI,byCategory,Bangladesh2018/201911 Table1.2.4:NumberofHouseholdsintheZOIinvolvedinAgriculture,byCategory,Bangladesh2018/201912 Table2.1.1:ResultsofHouseholdandIndividualInterviewsfortheBangladeshFeedtheFutureZOIBaselineSurvey2018/2019,inTotal21 Table3.1.1:HouseholdDemographicCharacteristicsintheZOI,inTotalandbyGenderedHouseholdType36 Table3.1.2:CharacteristicsofPrimaryAdultDecisionmakersintheZOI,bySex38 Table3.2.1:SchoolAttendanceatTimeofSurveyamongChildrenandYouth5-24YearsofAgeintheZ