学习迫不及待 ： PISA 2022 对拉丁美洲和加勒比地区的启示

Learningcan’twait LessonsforLatinAmerica andtheCaribbeanfromPISA2022 PublicDisclosureAuthorized PublicDisclosureAuthorized PublicDisclosureAuthorized PublicDisclosureAuthorized EditedbyMarilynAchiron DesignedbyDiegoVapore Copyright©2024Inter-AmericanDevelopmentBank(“IDB”)andTheWorldBank.ThisworkissubjecttoaCreativeCommonslicenseCCBY 3.0IGO(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/legalcode).ThetermsandconditionsindicatedintheURLlinkmustbemetandtherespectiverecognitionmustbegrantedtotheIDBandTheWorldBank. Furthertosection8oftheabovelicense,anymediationrelatingtodisputesarisingundersuchlicenseshallbeconductedinaccordancewiththeWIPOMediationRules.AnydisputerelatedtotheuseoftheworksoftheIDBandtheWorldBankthatcannotbesettledamicablyshallbesubmittedtoarbitrationpursuanttotheUnitedNationsCommissiononInternationalTradeLaw(UNCITRAL)rules.TheuseoftheIDB’sandtheWorldBank’snameforanypurposeotherthanforattribution,andtheuseofIDB’sandtheWorldBank’slogoshallbesubjecttoaseparatewrittenlicenseagreementbetweentheIDB,theWorldBankandtheuserisnotauthorizedtousesuchnamesandlogosaspartofthislicense. NotethattheURLlinkincludestermsandconditionsthatareanintegralpartofthislicense. TheopinionsexpressedinthisworkarethoseoftheauthorsanddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsoftheWorldBank,theIDB,theirBoardsofExecutiveDirectors,orthecountriesorgovernmentstheyrepresent. Anyqueriesonrightsandlicenses,includingsubsidiaryrights,shouldbeaddressedtotheFelipeHerreraLibrary,TheInter-AmericanDevelopmentBank,1300NewYorkAve.NW,WashingtonD.C.20577;emailBID-Library@iadb.org. Learningcan’twait LessonsforLatinAmerica andtheCaribbeanfromPISA2022 JointReportbytheInter-AmericanDevelopmentBank andTheWorldBank Preparedby: ElenaAriasOrtiz(IDB)MariaSoledadBos(IDB)JulianaChenPeraza(WB)CeciliaGiambruno(IDB)VictoriaLevin(WB)VictoriaOubiña(IDB) JasmineAnnePineda(WB)PabloZoido(IDB) Preface Educationiskeytodevelopinghumancapital,andwhenstudents’accesstoeducationishindered,sotooistheirprogressinacquiringessentialskills.BeforetheCOVID-19pandemicweknewthateducationsystemsintheLatinAmericaandCaribbeanregion(LAC)werecharacterizedbylowperformanceandhighinequalities.The2022roundoftheOECDProgrammeforInternationalStudentAssessment,orPISA,isthefirstinternationallearningassessmentafterthepandemic,whichdemonstratesthescaleofthelearningcrisisaftertheunprecedenteddisruptionofCOVID-19andoffersusaglimpseintohowstudentswerelearningwhileschoolswereclosed. Assessingstudentperformanceovertimeandonaglobalscalecanimproveeducationpoliciesandpractices.GovernmentsinLACarestrengtheningtheirabilitytoproduceandanalyzedataandmakedecisionsbasedonevidence.LAC’srecordparticipationinPISA2022offersastrikingexampleofhowacultureofevaluationisgraduallytakingrootintheregion.AsmorecountriesandstudentsareevaluatedbyPISA,theregion’sdebateonpolicydesignwillbebetterinformedandmorerelevant.PISA’sgreatestcontributionisitsfocusonresults,thelearningoutcomesofstudents,butalsoitsinsightsintotheperformancedifferencesbetweenandwithincountries. ThisreportexaminesPISAoutcomesandeducationtrajectoriesintheLACregioninaglobalperspective.ByobservingandinterpretingtheperformanceofLACcountriesinthemostrecentPISAround,includingexaminingdifferencesinresultsrelatedtostudent,schoolandsystemcharacteristics,andbyanalyzingthelong-termtrendsthathaveshapedtheeducationlandscapeovertheyears,thisreportoffersanuancedperspectiveontheregion’sacademicachievementsandchallenges.Indoingso,itprovidesstakeholders,policymakers,andeducatorsintheLACregionwithactionableinformationtoensurethecontinuedgrowthanddevelopmentofstudentsintheregion. Inexploringtheshort-termtrends,thisreportalsoseekstounderstandthepotentialimpactoftheCOVID-19pandemiconeducationoutcomes.Thepandemicdisruptedtraditionallearningenvironmentsandchallengedtheresilienceofeducationsystemsaroundtheworld.Byexaminingperformancetrendsbetween2018and2022,thisreportaimstounderstandhowtheCOVID-19crisiscouldhavecontributedtotheobservedperformancetrends,andwhichcountriesandstudentsappearedtobemostaffectedbythedisruption.ComparingtheexperiencesamongLACcountriesandwithothersoutsidetheregioncanhelpidentifywhattheregiongotwrongorright,whichsystemsweremoreresilientandwhy,andperhapsalsoofferlessonsforotherregions.Thesetypesofanalysescancontributevaluableinsightsthatcanbeusedtoinformtargetedinterventionsandpolicydesignoradjustmentsthatsupportrecovery,acceleratelearning,andprepareeducationsystemsforthefuture. WhiletheCOVID-19pandemichighlightedtheregion’spersistentinequalities,systemicperformancechallenges,andstructuralproblems,italsoshowcasedtheregion’screativity,andstrengthswhenfacedwithacrisis.Learningfromwhatworkedandwhatdidn’t,canhelpgovernmentsandstakeholdersintheregionreigniteeffortstotransformeducationsystemsandaddresstheregion’spersistentstructuralobstaclestoprosperityanddevelopment.Theroadaheadtoimprovinglearningforallisstilllong,butLatinAmericaandtheCaribbeancanbeasourceofsolutionstoglobalproblemsifweinvestinthetalentofitspeople. MercedesMateoDiaz EducationDivisionChief,Inter-