全球太空对抗能力报告安全世界基金会

GLOBALCOUNTERSPACECAPABILITIES AnOpenSourceAssessment >042024 GLOBALCOUNTERSPACECAPABILITIES i ABOUT SECUREWORLDFOUNDATION > SecureWorldFoundation(SWF)isaprivateoperatingfoundationthatpromotescooperativesolutionsforspacesustainabilityandthepeacefulusesofouterspace.ThemissionoftheSecureWorldFoundationistoworkwithgovernments,industry,internationalorganizations,andcivilsocietytodevelopandpromoteideasandactionstoachievethesecure,sustainable,andpeacefulusesofouterspacebenefitingEarthandallitspeoples. GlobalCounterspaceCapabilities©2024bySecureWorldFoundationislicensedunderAttribution-NonCommercial4.0International.Toviewacopyofthislicense,visithttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 ABOUTTHEEDITORS Dr.BrianWeeden ChiefProgramOfficer ⸺ Dr.BrianWeedenistheChiefProgramOfficerforSecureWorldFoundationandhasmorethantwodecadesofprofessionalexperienceinspaceoperationsandpolicy. Dr.Weedendirectsstrategicplanningforfuture-yearprojectstomeettheFoundation'sgoalsandobjectives,andconductsresearchonspacedebris,globalspacesituationalawareness,spacetrafficmanagement,protectionofspaceassets,andspacegovernance.Dr.Weedenalsoorganizesnational andinternationalworkshopstoincreaseawarenessofandfacilitatedialogueonspacesecurity,stability,andsustainabilitytopics.HeisamemberandformerChairoftheWorldEconomicForum'sGlobalFutureCouncilonSpaceTechnologies,aformermemberoftheAdvisoryCommitteeonCommercialRemoteSensing(ACCRES)totheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration(NOAA),andtheExecutiveDirectoroftheConsortiumforExecutionofRendezvousandServicingOperations(CONFERS). PriortojoiningSWF,Dr.WeedenservednineyearsonactivedutyasanofficerintheUnitedStatesAirForceworkinginspaceandintercontinentalballisticmissile(ICBM)operations.AspartofUSStrategicCommand'sJointSpaceOperationsCenter(JSpOC),Dr.Weedendirectedtheorbitalanalysttrainingprogramanddevelopedtactics,techniquesandproceduresforimprovingspacesituationalawareness. Respectedandrecognizedasaninternationalexpert,Dr.Weeden'sresearchandanalysishavebeenfeaturedinTheNewYorkTimes,TheWashingtonPost,NationalPublicRadio,USAToday,TheBBC,FoxNews,ChinaRadioInternational,TheEconomist,TheWorldEconomicForum'sAnnualMeetinginDavos,academicjournals,presentationstotheUnitedNations,andtestimonybeforetheUSCongress. SECUREWORLDFOUNDATION04/2024 ii GLOBALCOUNTERSPACECAPABILITIES iii Ms.VictoriaSamson ChiefDirector, SpaceSecurityandStability ⸺ Ms.VictoriaSamsonistheChiefDirector,SpaceSecurityandStabilityforSecureWorldFoundationandhasover25yearsofexperienceinmilitaryspaceandsecurityissues. BeforejoiningSWF,Ms.SamsonservedasaSeniorAnalystfortheCenterforDefenseInformation(CDI),wheresheleveragedherexpertiseinmissiledefense,nuclearreductions,andspacesecurityissuestoconductin-depthanalysisandmediacommentary.PriortohertimeatCDI,Ms.SamsonwastheSeniorPolicyAssociateattheCoalitiontoReduceNuclearDangers,aconsortiumofarmscontrolgroupsintheWashington,D.C.area,wheresheworkedwithCongressionalstaffers,membersofthemedia,embassyofficials,citizens,andthink-tanksonissuessurroundingdealingwithnationalmissiledefenseandnuclearweaponsreductions.Beforethat,shewasaresearcheratRiversideResearchInstitute,wheresheworkedonwar-gamingscenariosfortheMissileDefenseAgency'sDirectorateofIntelligence. Knownthroughoutthespaceandsecurityarenaasathoughtleaderonpolicyandbudgetaryissues,Ms.Samsonisofteninterviewedbymultinationalmediaoutlets,includingTheNewYorkTimes,SpaceNews,TheBBC,andNPR.Sheisalsoaprolificauthorofnumerousop-eds,analyticalpieces,journalarticles,andupdatesonspacesecuritymatters.SheisalsotheheadoftheInternationalAstronauticalFederation’staskforceonsecurityandamemberoftheSpaceSecurityWorkingGroupoftheNationalAcademiesofSciences,Engineering,andMedicine’sCommitteeonInternationalSecurityandArmsControl. SECUREWORLDFOUNDATION04/2024 iv TABLEOFCONTENTS SECTION1—COUNTRIESTHATHAVECONDUCTEDDESTRUCTIVEASATTESTS 01.TheUnitedStates01-01 02.Russia02-01 03.China03-01 04.India04-01 05.OrbitalDebrisCreatedbyDestructiveASATTesting05-01 SECTION2—COUNTRIESDEVELOPINGCOUNTERSPACETECHNOLOGIES 06.Australia06-01 07.France07-01 08.Iran08-01 09.Israel09-01 10.Japan10-01 11.NorthKorea11-01 12.SouthKorea12-01 13.TheUnitedKingdom13-01 SECTION3—CYBERCOUNTERSPACECAPABILITIES 14.GlobalCyberCounterspaceCapabilities14-01 APPENDIXI—HISTORICALANTI-SATELLITETESTSINSPACE15-01 APPENDIXII—IMAGERYOFCOUNTERSPACERELATEDFACILITIES16-01 GLOBALCOUNTERSPACECAPABILITIES v LIST OFFIGURES FIGURE 1-1 —MINOTAURUPPERSTAGE.............................................................. 01-03 FIGURE 1-2 —ORBITALEXPRESSMISSIONPLAN................................................... 01-04 FIGURE 1-3 —X-37BOTV7HIGHLYELLIPTICALORBIT........................................... 01-06 FIGURE 1-4 —GSSAPSATELLITES.................................................................... 01-08 FIGURE 1-5 —SATELLITEINTERCEPTORPROGRAMGROUNDTEST.................................. 01-13 FIGURE 1-6 —ASM-135FLIGHTPROFILE............................................................. 01-14 FIGURE1-7—UPLINKVS.DOWNLINKJAMM