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Renewable energy auctions: Southeast Asia

化石能源2022-12-13IRENA金***

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Renewable Energy Auctions in Southeast Asia

Overview

This document provides a comprehensive analysis of renewable energy auctions in Southeast Asia, focusing on design, results, and key insights from the region's evolving energy landscape.

Regional Context

Southeast Asia, experiencing rapid economic growth and urbanization, faces significant energy demands due to population growth, rising incomes, and industrialization. With energy consumption nearly doubling since the mid-1990s and projected to grow 60% by 2040, the region is keenly focused on transitioning to a more sustainable energy system. This context underscores the importance of renewable energy auctions in facilitating this transition.

Auction Design

The design of renewable energy auctions in Southeast Asia emphasizes several critical aspects:

Demand: Auctions aim to meet diverse energy needs, including capacity expansion and the integration of intermittent renewable sources like solar and wind.
Qualification Requirements: These ensure that bidders meet specific technical and financial criteria to participate effectively.
Winner Selection and Contract Award Process: Rigorous evaluation processes determine the most competitive and viable projects, often considering factors beyond just price.
Risk Allocation and Remuneration: Contracts typically allocate risks between developers and utilities, ensuring fair compensation through mechanisms like feed-in tariffs or long-term PPA agreements.

Auction Results

Results highlight the growing participation and success of renewable energy auctions in the region. Key findings include:

Volumes Auctioned: Significant volumes of renewable energy capacity have been auctioned, contributing to the region's overall renewable energy deployment.
Geographical and Project-Specific Insights: Analysis of specific projects, particularly solar auctions in Malaysia, reveals trends in project size limits and contract durations.
Innovation in Auction Mechanisms: Advanced mechanisms like merit-based scoring systems and innovative remuneration schemes are increasingly being adopted.

Conclusions

Renewable energy auctions in Southeast Asia demonstrate the region's commitment to transitioning towards a cleaner, more sustainable energy mix. Key to this success are well-designed auction frameworks that balance market dynamics, technological advancements, and regulatory policies. Future strategies should focus on enhancing grid integration, promoting local industry development, and fostering international cooperation to maximize the benefits of renewable energy resources.

Key Takeaways

Market Expansion: Southeast Asia's energy demand is projected to significantly increase, necessitating a robust renewable energy strategy.
Policy Alignment: Countries are aligning with international targets and regional initiatives to promote renewable energy adoption.
Innovative Auction Practices: Advanced auction designs are driving efficiency and innovation in renewable energy deployment.
Challenges and Opportunities: Balancing rapid growth with sustainability challenges requires strategic planning and collaboration.

This analysis underscores the pivotal role of renewable energy auctions in driving Southeast Asia's transition towards a sustainable energy future, highlighting both progress and opportunities for continued improvement.

RenewableenergyauctionsSoutheastAsia ©IRENA2022 Unlessotherwisestated,materialinthispublicationmaybefreelyused,shared,copied,reproduced,printedand/orstored,providedthatappropriateacknowledgementisgivenofIRENAasthesourceandcopyrightholder.Materialinthispublicationthatisattributedtothirdpartiesmaybesubjecttoseparatetermsofuseandrestrictions,andappropriatepermissionsfromthesethirdpartiesmayneedtobesecuredbeforeanyuseofsuchmaterial. ISBN:978-92-9260-484-4 Citation:IRENA(2022),Renewableenergyauctions:SoutheastAsia,InternationalRenewableEnergyAgency,AbuDhabi. AboutIRENA TheInternationalRenewableEnergyAgency(IRENA)isanintergovernmentalorganisationthatsupportscountriesintheirtransitiontoasustainableenergyfutureandservesastheprincipalplatformforinternationalco-operation,acentreofexcellence,andarepositoryofpolicy,technology,resourceandfinancialknowledgeonrenewableenergy.IRENApromotesthewidespreadadoptionandsustainableuseofallformsofrenewableenergy,includingbioenergy,geothermal,hydropower,ocean,solarandwindenergy,inthepursuitofsustainabledevelopment,energyaccess,energysecurityandlow-carboneconomicgrowthandprosperity.www.irena.org Acknowledgements ThisreportwasdevelopedundertheguidanceofRabiaFerroukhi(Director,IRENAKnowledge,PolicyandFinanceCentre)andUteCollier,andauthoredbyCarlosGuadarrama,AbdullahAbouAliandDialaHawila(IRENA),andAlexandreViana(consultant).ValuableexternalreviewwasprovidedbyMunlikaSompranonandSukanyaNanta(DepartmentofAlternativeEnergyDevelopmentandEfficiency,MinistryofEnergy,Thailand),GiangNgocHuongVu(ASEANCentreforEnergy)andtheRenewableEnergyManagementBureauoftheDepartmentofEnergy(Philippines).ValuablereviewandfeedbackwereprovidedbyIRENAcolleaguesBadariahYosiyana,NicholasWagnerandPaulKomor. IRENAisgratefultotheMinistryofEconomy,TradeandIndustryofJapanforsupportingthepublicationofthisreport. Forfurtherinformationortoprovidefeedback:publications@irena.org.Availablefordownload:www.irena.org/publications. Disclaimer Thispublicationandthematerialhereinareprovided“asis”.AllreasonableprecautionshavebeentakenbyIRENAtoverifythereliabilityofthematerialinthispublication.However,neitherIRENAnoranyofitsofficials,agents,dataorotherthird-partycontentprovidersprovidesawarrantyofanykind,eitherexpressedorimplied,andtheyacceptnoresponsibilityorliabilityforanyconsequenceofuseofthepublicationormaterialherein. TheinformationcontainedhereindoesnotnecessarilyrepresenttheviewsofallMembersofIRENA.ThementionofspecificcompaniesorcertainprojectsorproductsdoesnotimplythattheyareendorsedorrecommendedbyIRENAinpreferencetoothersofasimilarnaturethatarenotmentioned.ThedesignationsemployedandthepresentationofmaterialhereindonotimplytheexpressionofanyopiniononthepartofIRENAconcerningthelegalstatusofanyregion,country,territory,cityorareaorofitsauthorities,orconcerningthedelimitationoffrontiersorboundaries. CONTENTS Figures4 Tables4 Abbreviations5 2 1REGIONALCONTEXTFORRENEWABLEENERGYAUCTIONS6 RENEWABLEENERGYAUCTIONDESIGN12 2.1Auctiondemand13 2.2Qualificationrequirementsanddocumentation19 2.3Winnerselectionandcontractawardprocess23 2.4Riskallocationandremunerationofsellers28 3RENEWABLEENERGYAUCTIONRESULTS38 4CONCLUSIONS52 References55 FIGURES Figure1TheIRENAframeworkforauctiondesign13Figure2VolumesauctionedinSoutheastAsia,uptoJuly202216Figure3Auctionedcapacityperregioninthefourroundsoflarge-scalesolar (LLS)auctionsinMalaysia,dividedbyprojectsizelimit17 Figure4StructureofelectricitymarketsinSoutheastAsia28 Figure5ContractdurationsandleadtimesinSoutheastAsian renewableenergyauctions37Figure6Auctioned,participatedandawardedcapacityinMalaysianLSS40Figure7ParticipatingandawardedbidsinMalaysianLSS41 Figure8Projectsizeandbidpriceofparticipatingprojects inthefourroundsofLSS42 TABLES Table1VolumeauctionedinthePhilippinesin2022, bydemandband(technologyandregion)15 Table2DemandbandsinThailand’ssecondauction18 Table3Localcontentrequirementsforgeothermal andsolarPVinIndonesia21Table4Weightingscoreinthesecondstage,firstenvelope24Table5MeritScoreforLSSauction25Table6Bidbonds32Table7BondsforMalaysia’sfirsttwoLSSauctions33Table8GeothermalauctionsinIndonesia45Table9ResultsofThailand’sfirstbiogasauction47Table10ResultsofThailand’sfirstbiomassauction48Table11ResultsofThailand’ssecondauction49Table12ResultsofThailand’s‘EnergyforAll’auction50Table13ResultsofthePhilippines’firstGEAPauction51 ABBREVIATIONS AGPannualgenerationprofile(Malaysia) APAECASEANPlanofActionforEnergyCo-operation ASEANAssociationofSoutheastAsianNations BOIBoardofInvestment(Thailand) BOObuild,ownandoperateBOOTbuild,own,operate,transferBOTbuild-operate-transfer CODcommercialoperationdate DOEDepartmentofEnergy(thePhilippines) ECEnergyCommission(Malaysia) EDBEconomicDevelopmentBoard(Singapore) EDLLaoElectricity(ÉlectricitéduLaos) EERexcessenergyrate(Malaysia) EGATElectricityGeneratingAuthorityofThailandEPCengineering,procurement,andconstructionERCEnergyRegulatoryCommission (thePhilippines) ESSenergystoragesystem FiTfeed-intariff GEACGreenEnergyAuctionCommittee(thePhilippines) GETPAbbreviations

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