Offshore wind energy development has faced challenges, with many projects experiencing delays and cost overruns. Lessons learned from the nuclear field could be applied to overcome these challenges. Rapid technology advancement, lack of standardization, inadequate planning, and an emerging supplier landscape have made it difficult for owners to meet expected performance targets. As water depth and distance to shore increase, costs and complexity also increase, making project comparison difficult. Alpha Ventus and Baltic 1 in Germany were delayed due to grid connection issues, while Thanet in the UK faced a two-year delay due to turbine design immaturity. Despite these challenges, offshore wind energy remains a promising solution for transitioning from fossil and nuclear to clean and renewable energy.
