Nuclear power plant owners are hesitant to pursue life extension projects due to inflated costs and lack of political support. This, combined with competition from other energy sources, has led to the premature shutdown of several plants worldwide. Arthur D. Little's industry insight confirms that nuclear power plants do not operate at their technical and economic optimum. To improve profitability and deliver a safe, reliable, and economically convenient energy supply, the nuclear industry must adopt a lean management framework for nuclear operations ("Nuclear Lean"). This framework can bring significant performance improvements and cost reduction beyond 15 percent, helping nuclear energy to remain competitive in the changing energy market.