This strategic report, written by The Economist Intelligence Unit, examines the state of waste management in Saudi Arabia and the UAE and identifies priorities for accelerating recycling. The report highlights the need for more focused efforts on priority waste streams such as food waste, construction and demolition waste, and e-waste to improve landfill diversion rates. Public engagement to encourage source separation can also have a positive impact on recycling efficiency. The report is based on extensive desk research and insights from expert interviews with executives at municipalities and waste management companies, as well as international waste management experts. The report was conducted in July 2020 and the participants who contributed to the report include Khaled Al Huraimel, Spiros Fafoutis, Arne Ragossnig, Malek Sukkar, and Abdul Al Katheeri.