This Economist Impact report, supported by Roche Diagnostics Asia Pacific Pte Ltd, focuses on the evolving burden of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Asia and the value of HCC surveillance. The report highlights the need for modern HCC surveillance programs to address this leading cause of liver cancer death in the region. The research included a literature review and interviews with regional experts in the liver disease space. The report concludes with a call to action for building 21st century HCC surveillance programs.