Decent Work in Nature-based Solutions

DecentWork inNature-basedSolutions2022 DecentWork inNature-basedSolutions2022 ©InternationalLabourOrganizationandtheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme2022 Somerightsreserved.ThisworkisavailableundertheCreativeCommonsAttribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike5.0IGOlicence(CCBY-NC-SA5.0IGO;https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo).Underthetermsofthislicence,youmaycopy,redistributeandadapttheworkfornon-commercialpurposes,providedtheworkisappropriatelycited,asindicatedbelow.Inanyuseofthiswork,thereshouldbenosuggestionthattheInternationalLabourOrganization(ILO)and/ortheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme(UNEP)and/orInternationalUnionforConservationofNature(IUCN)endorsesanyspecificorganization,productsorservices.TheuseoftheILO,UNEPorIUCNlogoisnotpermitted. Requiredcitation:ILO,UNEPandIUCN.2022.DecentWorkinNature-basedSolutions2022.Geneva.Licence:CCBY-NC-SA3.0IGO Ifyouadaptthework,thenyoumustlicenseyourworkunderthesameorequivalentCreativeCommonslicence.Ifyoucreateatranslationofthiswork,youshouldaddthefollowingdisclaimeralongwiththesuggestedcitation:“ThistranslationwasnotcreatedbytheInternationalLabourOrganization(ILO),theUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme(UNEP)orInternationalUnionforConservationofNature(IUCN).ILO,UNEPandIUCNarenotresponsibleforthecontentoraccuracyofthistranslation.TheoriginalEnglisheditionshallbethebindingandauthenticedition”. Third-partymaterials.ThisCClicensedoesnotapplytonon-ILOcopyrightmaterialsincludedinthispublication.Ifthematerialisattributedtoathirdparty,theuserofsuchmaterialissolelyresponsibleforclearingtherightswiththerightholder. ILOPhotographs.ILOphotographsarecopyrightedandarenottobereproducedinanymediumwithoutobtainingpriorwrittenpermission.RequestsforpermissiontoreproduceILOphotographsshouldbeaddressedto:multimedia@ilo.org AnydisputearisingunderthislicensethatcannotbesettledamicablyshallbereferredtoarbitrationinaccordancewiththeArbitrationRulesoftheUnitedNationsCommissiononInternationalTradeLaw(UNCITRAL).Thepartiesshallbeboundbyanyarbitrationawardrenderedasaresultofsucharbitrationasthefinaladjudicationofsuchadispute. ISBN9789220579714(print);9789220579721(webPDF) ThedesignationsemployedandthepresentationofthematerialinthispublicationdonotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartoftheILOand/orUNEPand/orIUCNconcerningthelegalstatusofanycountry,territory,cityorareaorofitsauthorities,orconcerningthedelimitationofitsfrontiersorboundaries.Dottedlinesonmapsrepresentapproximateborderlinesforwhichtheremaynotyetbefullagreement. Thementionofspecificcompaniesorofcertainmanufacturers'productsdoesnotimplythattheyareendorsedorrecommendedbytheILO,UNEPandIUCNinpreferencetoothersofasimilarnaturethatarenotmentioned.Errorsandomissionsexcepted,thenamesofproprietaryproductsaredistinguishedbyinitialcapitalletters. Theresponsibilityforopinionsexpressedinsignedarticles,studiesandothercontributionsrestssolelywiththeirauthors,andpublicationdoesnotconstituteanendorsementbyILOand/orUNEPand/orIUCNoftheopinionsexpressedinthem. AllreasonableprecautionshavebeentakenbytheILOand/orUNEPand/orIUCNtoverifytheinformationcontainedinthispublication.However,thepublishedmaterialisbeingdistributedwithoutwarrantyofanykind,eitherexpressedorimplied.Theresponsibilityfortheinterpretationanduseofthemateriallieswiththereader.InnoeventshalltheILOand/orUNEPand/orIUCNbeliablefordamagesarisingfromitsuse. Tableofcontents Acknowledgements12 Abbreviations16 Executivesummary17 Chapter1.Introduction29 1.1WhatareNbS?32 1.2Whataredecentwork,greenjobsandajusttransition?35 1.2.1Work,decentworkandgreenjobs35 1.2.2↗ustTransition37 1.2.3TheILO↗ustTransitionGuidelines39 1.2.4Internationallabourstandards41 1.3OpportunitiesforemploymentanddecentworkinNbS41 1.4Globalpolicycontext44 1.5Structureofthereport47 Keymessages56 Chapter2.Justtransitionpoliciesandpathways57 2.1Challengesandopportunities60 2.1.1Macroeconomicandgrowthpolicies62 2.1.2Industrialandsectoralpolicies62 2.1.3Enterprisepolicies63 2.1.4Skillsdevelopment63 2.1.5Occupationalsafetyandhealth65 2.1.6Socialprotection65 2.1.7Activelabourmarketpolicies65 2.1.8Rights66 2.1.9Socialdialogue67 2.2CommonalitiesbetweenIUCNGlobalStandardforNbSandILOJustTransitionGuidelines69 2.3JusttransitionthroughNbSasdriverfordecentwork71 Chapter3.AnoverviewofcurrentworkinNbS84 3.1AgricultureandworkinNbS86 3.2Nature-basedenterprises92 3.3Infrastructuredevelopment95 3.4PaymentforEcosystemServices98 3.5PublicEmploymentProgrammes102 3.6Volunteerwork105 3.7Conclusions109 Chapter4.ConceptualframeworkforlinkingNbS withworkanddecentworkoutcomes123 4.1Constructionoftheframework125 4.2Conceptscopeanddirectlinkages128 4.2.1Definitions128 4.2.2ScopingtheNbS/workrelationship132 4.2.3DirectlinkagesbetweenNbSactivities,productiveunitsandworkinNbS133 4.3Conceptualframework135 4.3.1Direct,indirect,inducedandsecondaryeffects135 4.3.2Someconsiderations140 4.4Applyingtheframework141 4.4.1TypesofworkinNbSandskillsneeds142 4.4.2DistributionaleffectsofNbSbydemographicandothercharacteristics143 4.4.3AggregatingacrossNbSactivit