The report assesses the opportunities and limits associated with transitioning to more resilient, sustainable energy systems that address climate change, increase access to energy, and spark innovation for a thriving global economy. The research was overseen by an Advisory Committee of experts from government, academia, and industry. The report is part of the "Circular Carbon Economy: Keystone to Global Sustainability Series." The Advisory Committee includes Mr. Brad Page, CEO of the Global Carbon Capture & Storage Institute, Mr. Ahmad Al-Khowaiter, CTO of Saudi Aramco, Dr. Stephen Bohlen, Acting State Geologist of California, Ms. Heidi Heitkamp, Former Senator from North Dakota, U.S. Senate, United States of America, Mr. Richard Kaufmann, Chairman of the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA), Ms. Maria Jelescu Dreyfus, CEO of Ardinall Investment Management, Dr. Arun Majumdar, Director of the Precourt Institute for Energy and Stanford University, Dr. Nebojsa Nakicenovic, Former Deputy Director General/CEO of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), and Mr. Adam Siemenski, President of King Abdullah Petroleum Studies.