Patent Landscape Report - Graphite and its applications

PatentLandscape Report Graphiteanditsapplications PatentLandscapeReport Graphiteanditsapplications 2ThisworkislicensedunderCreativeCommonsAttribution4.0International. Theuserisallowedtoreproduce,distribute,adapt,translateandpubliclyperformthispublication,includingforcommercialpurposes,withoutexplicitpermission,providedthatthecontentisaccompaniedbyanacknowledgementthatWIPOisthesourceandthatitisclearlyindicatedifchangesweremadetotheoriginalcontent. Suggestedcitation:WIPO(2023).GraphiteanditsApplications.Geneva:WorldIntellectualPropertyOrganization.DOI:10.34667/tind.47589 Adaptation/translation/derivativesshouldnotcarryanyofficialemblemorlogo,unlesstheyhavebeenapprovedandvalidatedbyWIPO.PleasecontactusviatheWIPOwebsitetoobtainpermission. Foranyderivativework,pleaseincludethefollowingdisclaimer:“TheSecretariatofWIPOassumesnoliabilityorresponsibilitywithregardtothetransformationortranslationoftheoriginalcontent.” WhencontentpublishedbyWIPO,suchasimages,graphics,trademarksorlogos,isattributedtoathird-party,theuserofsuchcontentissolelyresponsibleforclearingtherightswiththerightholder(s). Toviewacopyofthislicense,pleasevisithttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 AnydisputearisingunderthislicensethatcannotbesettledamicablyshallbereferredtoarbitrationinaccordancewithArbitrationRulesoftheUnitedNationsCommissiononInternationalTradeLaw(UNCITRAL)theninforce.Thepartiesshallbeboundbyanyarbitrationawardrenderedasaresultofsucharbitrationasthefinaladjudicationofsuchadispute. ThedesignationsemployedandthepresentationofmaterialthroughoutthispublicationdonotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartofWIPOconcerningthelegalstatusofanycountry,territoryorareaorofitsauthorities,orconcerningthedelimitationofitsfrontiersorboundaries. ThispublicationisnotintendedtoreflecttheviewsoftheMemberStatesortheWIPOSecretariat. ThementionofspecificcompaniesorproductsofmanufacturersdoesnotimplythattheyareendorsedorrecommendedbyWIPOinpreferencetoothersofasimilarnaturethatarenotmentioned. ©WIPO,2023 Firstpublished2023 WorldIntellectualPropertyOrganization34,chemindesColombettes,P.O.Box18CH-1211Geneva20,Switzerland ISBN:978-92-805-3514-3(print) ISBN:978-92-805-3513-6(online) ISSN:2790-7007(print) ISSN:2790-7015(online) Attribution4.0International(CCBY4.0)Cover:Unsplash,Wikipedia Contents Acknowledgements 4 Keyfindingsandinsights 5 Introduction 8 Typesofgraphite 9 Usesofgraphite 9 Structureofthereportandmethodology 10 Globaltrends 12 Overallpatentingtrends 12 Regionalspecialization 14 Graphitesources 14 Processinggraphite 14 Graphitederivatives,usesandapplications 15 Graphitesources,processesandderivatives 17 Graphitesources 17 Flakegraphite 17 Artificialgraphite 19 Processinggraphite 20 Ultrasonicexfoliation 21 Thermalexfoliation 22 Graphitederivatives 24 Graphitepowder 27 Expandedgraphite 28 Graphite-basednanocomposites 29 Graphiteusesandproducts 30 Currentinnovationhottopics 32 Batteryapplications 32 Polymercomposites 34 Ceramics 38 Heatdissipation 41 Lubrication 43 Areaswithdecliningtechnologydevelopmentandnicheapplications 45 Carbonbrushes 45 Watertreatment 47 Biomedical 49 Sensors 52 Conductiveink 54 Conclusion 57 AnnexA:Methodology 59 AnnexB:Patentsearches 61 AnnexC:Additionalinformation 64 Acronyms 67 References 68 3 Acknowledgements ThisPatentLandscapeReportonGraphiteanditsApplicationswaspreparedfollowingarelatedrequestfromSriLanka. ThispublicationwaspreparedunderthestewardshipofMarcoAlemán(AssistantDirectorGeneral,IPandInnovationEcosystemsSector),underthedirectionofAlejandroRocaCampañá(SeniorDirector,TechnologyandInnovationSupportDivision)andAndrewCzajkowski(Director,TechnologyandInnovationSupportDivision),withthegenerousfinancialsupportbyFunds-In-TrustJapanIndustrialPropertyGlobalprovidedbytheJapanPatentOffice. ThereportwaspreparedbyaprojectteaminitiallyledbyIreneKitsara(IPInformationOfficer,TechnologyandInnovationSupportDivision)andthenbyLakshmiSupriya(PatentAnalyticsOfficer,TechnologyandInnovationSupportDivision),membersfromthepatentanalyticsteamofIPOSInternationalcomprisingAlfredYip(Director,PatentSearch,ExaminationandAnalytics),HuangJinquan(Head,PatentAnalytics), SunTing(SeniorAnalyst)andPanShanshan(Analyst),BjörnJürgens(Consultant),CraigDsouza(YoungExpertProfessional,TechnologyandInnovationSupportDivision).Theprojectteamretrievedandanalyzedthedata,preparedthevisualizations,andwrotethereport.ThanksalsogotoHongKan(PatentAnalyticsOfficer,TechnologyandInnovationSupportDivision)forsupportduringthecopyeditingphase. ThereportdrawsonhelpfulinputreceivedduringconceptualizationoftheprojectandinreviewingthedataandreportfromProfessorNilwalaKottegoda(UniversityofSriJayewardenepura,SriLanka)andtheteamattheNationalInnovationAgencyofSriLanka:ProfessorAjithdeAlwis(ChiefInnovationOfficer/DeanGraduateStudies, UniversityofMoratuwa,SriLanka),andSeniorInnovationOfficers-VindyaWijesinghe,NavodiWickramasinghe,ThidasiDahanayakeandBhagyaHerathfromNIAcircle.OurthanksalsogotoMaryamZehtabchi(EconomicOfficer,InnovationEconomySection)forreviewingt