Intellectual Property Adjudication in the Philippines

IntellectualPropertyBenchbook SeriesIPAdjudication inthePhilippines IntellectualPropertyBenchbookSeries Serieseditor:JusticeStephenBurley IntroductiontotheInternationalIntellectualPropertyLegalFramework ISBN:978-92-805-3495-5 IntellectualPropertyAdjudicationinthePhilippines ISBN:978-92-805-3497-9 IntellectualPropertyAdjudicationinVietNam ISBN:978-92-805-3499-3 IntellectualPropertyBenchbookSeries IntellectualPropertyAdjudicationin thePhilippines Editor:JusticeStephenBurley FederalCourtofAustralia,Sydney,Australia Contributingauthor:AssociateJusticeMariaRowenaModesto-SanPedroCourtofTaxAppeals,QuezonCity,Philippines ThisworkislicensedunderCreativeCommonsAttribution4.0International. Theuserisallowedtoreproduce,distribute,adapt,translateandpubliclyperformthispublication,includingforcommercialpurposes,withoutexplicitpermission,providedthatthecontentisaccompaniedbyanacknowledgmentthatWIPOisthesourceandthatitisclearlyindicatedifchangesweremadetotheoriginalcontent. Suggestedcitation:WorldIntellectualPropertyOrganization(WIPO)(2023).IntellectualPropertyAdjudicationinthePhilippines,IntellectualPropertyBenchbookSeries.Geneva:WIPO. DOI:10.34667/tind.47181 Adaptation/translation/derivativesshouldnotcarryanyofficialemblemorlogo,unlesstheyhavebeenapprovedandvalidatedbyWIPO.PleasecontactusviatheWIPOwebsitetoobtainpermission. Foranyderivativework,pleaseincludethefollowingdisclaimer:“TheSecretariatofWIPOassumesnoliabilityorresponsibilitywithregardtothetransformationortranslationoftheoriginalcontent.” WhencontentpublishedbyWIPO,suchasimages,graphics,trademarksorlogos,isattributedtoathird-party,theuserofsuchcontentissolelyresponsibleforclearingtherightswiththerightholder(s). Toviewacopyofthislicense,pleasevisithttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 AnydisputearisingunderthislicensethatcannotbesettledamicablyshallbereferredtoarbitrationinaccordancewithArbitrationRulesoftheUnitedNationsCommissiononInternationalTradeLaw(UNCITRAL)theninforce.Thepartiesshallbeboundbyanyarbitrationawardrenderedasaresultofsucharbitrationasthefinaladjudicationofsuchadispute. ThedesignationsemployedandthepresentationofmaterialthroughoutthispublicationdonotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartofWIPOconcerningthelegalstatusofanycountry,territoryorareaorofitsauthorities,orconcerningthedelimitationofitsfrontiersorboundaries. ThispublicationisnotintendedtoreflecttheviewsoftheMemberStatesortheWIPOSecretariat. ThementionofspecificcompaniesorproductsofmanufacturersdoesnotimplythattheyareendorsedorrecommendedbyWIPOinpreferencetoothersofasimilarnaturethatarenotmentioned. ©WIPO,2023 Firstpublished2023 WorldIntellectualPropertyOrganization34,chemindesColombettes,P.O.Box18CH-1211Geneva20,Switzerland ISBN:978-92-805-3496-2(print) ISBN:978-92-805-3497-9(online) Attribution4.0International(CCBY4.0)Cover:GettyImages/©Natali_Mis ©ChengChen Contents Foreword7 Editor’sintroductiontotheseries8 Acknowledgments10 Chapter1Procedure11 1.1Introduction11 1.2OverviewofthelegalsysteminthePhilippines11 1.2.1Courthierarchy11 1.2.2IntellectualPropertyOffice12 1.3Sourcesoflaw13 1.4Obtainingintellectualpropertyprotection13 1.5Revocationorcancellation13 1.6Infringement14 1.6.1Civilproceedings14 1.6.1.1Standing14 1.6.1.2Forumshopping15 1.6.1.3Pleadings16 1.6.1.4Discoveryandadmissions18 1.6.1.5Pre-trialprocessincivilactions19 1.6.1.6Clarificationhearing(s)followingpre-trial21 1.6.1.7Settingtrialdates21 1.6.1.8Failuretoappear21 1.6.1.9Court-annexedmediationincivilactions21 1.6.2Criminalproceedings22 1.6.2.1Complaint,preliminaryinvestigationandfilingofinformation22 1.6.2.2Courtevaluation22 1.6.2.3Arraignment23 1.6.2.4Prohibitedmotions23 1.6.2.5Pre-trialprocessincriminalactions23 1.6.2.6Court-annexedmediationincriminalactions24 1.6.3Judgmentandappeal24 1.6.3.1Judgments24 1.6.3.2Appeals24 1.7Evidence25 1.7.1Evidenceincivilproceedings25 1.7.2Evidenceincriminalproceedings25 1.7.3CommonRulesofadmissibilityandweightofevidence26 1.7.3.1Fraudulentintent26 1.7.3.2Goodfaith26 1.7.3.3Foreignofficialdocuments26 1.7.4Memorandaanddraftdecisions27 1.8Remedies27 1.8.1Urgentmeasures/interimrelief27 1.8.1.1Injunctionsandrestrainingorders27 1.8.1.2Search-and-seizureorders27 1.8.1.3Destructionanddisposal33 1.8.2Civilremedies36 1.8.2.1Damages36 1.8.2.2Finalinjunctionandrestrainingorders36 4 1.8.2.3Search-and-seizureorders 36 1.8.2.4Destructionanddisposal 36 1.8.3Criminalpenalties 36 1.9Post-trialmatters 37 Appendices 38 Appendix1.ASampleordergrantingasearchwarrant 38 Appendix1.BSamplesearchwarrant 43 Appendix1.CSampleorderfordestruction 46 Chapter2Trademark 49 2.1Introduction 49 2.2WhatisatrademarkinthePhilippines? 49 2.3Sourcesoflaw 50 2.4Obtainingregisteredtrademarkprotection 50 2.5Requirementsfortrademarkregistration 50 2.6Rightsconferredbyregistration 51 2.6.1Protectionagainstcybersquatting 51 2.6.2Well-knownmarks 51 2.6.3Maintainingregistrationofatrademark 52 2.6.4Assignmentandlicensingofatrademark 52 2.7Revocationorcancellation 52 2.7.1Jurisdiction 52 2.7.2Cancellationproceedings 52 2