COVID-19 has had significant human and economic costs in emerging and developing economies. The tragedy of missed opportunities is that an earlier discovery of a vaccine or therapy could have allowed for faster removal of social distancing measures and swifter recovery. However, this may not be likely until 2021. To reduce economic scarring, premature exits could lead to worse deterioration. Access to effective vaccination, therapies, or both will be necessary for a return to past normality, accompanied by a long-term need to monitor and contain any possible new virus clusters and increasing preparedness for longer-term economic scarring. The report was prepared on a pro bono basis by Dan Steinbock, Ph.D., non-resident senior fellow at the Shanghai Institutes for International Studies.
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