The IEA's 2022 report found that global energy-related CO2 emissions grew by 0.9% or 321 Mt, reaching a new high of over 36.8 Gt. This is lower than what was feared due to the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on energy use and emissions. Emissions from energy combustion increased by 423 Mt, while emissions from industrial processes decreased by 102 Mt. The IEA also found that the European Union, the United States, and China were the largest emitters of CO2 in 2022. The report advocates for policies that will enhance the reliability, affordability, and sustainability of energy in its 31 member countries, 11 association countries, and beyond.