煤矿甲烷减排监管路线图和工具包

煤矿甲烷减排 监管路线图和工具包 翻译由美国环保协会北京代表处提供 INTERNATIONAL ENERGYAGENCY The IEA examines thefull spectrumof energy issuesincluding oil, gas andcoal supply anddemand, renewableenergy technologies,electricity markets,energy efficiency,access to energy,demand sidemanagement andmuch more. Throughits work, the IEAadvocates policies thatwill enhance thereliability, affordabilityand sustainability ofenergy in its31member countries,11association countriesand beyond. IEA membercountries: IEA associationcountries: AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanadaCzech RepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIrelandItalyJapanKoreaLithuaniaLuxembourgMexicoNetherlandsNew ZealandNorwayPolandPortugalSlovak RepublicSpainSwedenSwitzerlandRepublic of TürkiyeUnited KingdomUnited States ArgentinaBrazilChinaEgyptIndiaIndonesiaKenyaMoroccoSenegalSingaporeSouth AfricaThailandUkraine This publication and anymap included herein arewithout prejudice to thestatus of or sovereignty overany territory, to thedelimitation of internationalfrontiers and boundaries andto the name of any territory,city or area. The EuropeanCommission alsoparticipates in thework of the IEA Source: IEA.International Energy AgencyWebsite: www.iea.org 摘要 解决煤炭行业的甲烷问题既是气候行动的一个重大机遇，也是加强能源安全的重要保障。经验表明，当前各国可以通过利用现有技术和工具采取若干措施以大幅减少煤矿甲烷排放。本报告强调了不同煤炭生产管辖区的经验教训，以推进制定智能且有效的甲烷法规。此外，本报告针对新法规的设计、起草和实施过程提供了详细指导。最后，为了向决策制定者提供综合性工具包，本报告还探讨了现行的不同甲烷监管方法。 致谢 本报告由国际能源署（IEA）的法律顾问办公室（OLC）编写，主要作者是Tomás deOliveira Bredariol（负责人）和K.C. Michaels，特约作者是Joyce Raboca和Natalie St.Clair，Luca Lo Re和Zhiyu Yang提供了宝贵的意见和反馈。此外，Tim Gould、PascalLaffont和Christophe McGlade为本报告的编写提供了战略性的指导和意见。 感谢国际能源署通信和数字办公室（CDO），特别是Curtis Brainard、Astrid Dumond、Isabelle Nonain-Semelin和Therese Walsh。Nicola Clark编辑了手稿。 感谢以下外部专家给予的宝贵意见和反馈： Eamonn Burke（澳大利亚气候变化、能源、环境和水资源部）、David Creedy（联合国欧洲经济委员会（UNECE）煤矿甲烷专家组-Sindicatum Sustainable Resources）、Robert Field（国际甲烷排放观测站）、Cevat Özgen Karacan（UNECE煤矿甲烷专家组-美国地质调查局）、Malgorzata Kasprzak（国际甲烷排放观测站）、Thomas Kerr（世界银行）、Maria Olczak（美国环保协会）、Brooke Perkins（澳大利亚气候变化、能源、环境和水资源部）、Dinko Raytchev（欧盟委员会）、Volha Roschchanka（美国环保局）、Felicia Ruiz（清洁空气工作组清洁空气工作组）、Anatoli Smirnov（Ember）和Hanling Yang（美国环保协会）。 目录 煤矿甲烷减排.............................................................................................................................. 1监管路线图和工具包................................................................................................................ 1摘要......................................................................................................................................... 3致谢......................................................................................................................................... 4目录............................................................................................................................................ 5图目录......................................................................................................................................... 6专栏目录..................................................................................................................................... 6表目录......................................................................................................................................... 6执行概要.................................................................................................................................. 7引言......................................................................................................................................... 9甲烷减排，势在必行................................................................................................................... 9为何聚焦甲烷？.......................................................................................................................... 9甲烷监管：案例详析................................................................................................................. 12政府可以采取什么措施来推动煤矿行业的甲烷减排？.............................................................. 14监管路线图和工具包................................................................................................................. 15如何使用本指南？.................................................................................................................... 18监管路线图............................................................................................................................ 19步骤1：了解法律和政治环境................................................................................................... 19步骤2：明确行业性质.............................................................................................................. 26步骤3：摸清排放概况.............................................................................................................. 31步骤4：建立监管能力.............................................................................................................. 35步骤5：利益相关方的参与....................................................................................................... 37步