RENEWABLEENERGYSOLUTIONSFORHEATINGSYSTEMSINMONGOLIA Developingastrategicheatingplan ©IRENA2023 Unlessotherwisestated,materialinthispublicationmaybefreelyused,shared,copied,reproduced,printedand/orstored,providedthatappropriateacknowledgementisgivenofIRENAasthesourceandcopyrightholder.Materialinthispublicationthatisattributedtothirdpartiesmaybesubjecttoseparatetermsofuseandrestrictions,andappropriatepermissionsfromthesethirdpartiesmayneedtobesecuredbeforeanyuseofsuchmaterial. ISBN:978-92-9260-535-3 Citation:IRENA(2023),RenewableenergysolutionsforheatingsystemsinMongolia:DevelopingaStrategicheatingplan,InternationalRenewableEnergyAgency,AbuDhabi. AboutIRENA TheInternationalRenewableEnergyAgency(IRENA)isanintergovernmentalorganisationthatsupportscountriesintheirtransitiontoasustainableenergyfuture,andservesastheprincipalplatformforinternationalco-operation,acentreofexcellence,andarepositoryofpolicy,technology,resourceandfinancialknowledgeonrenewableenergy.IRENApromotesthewidespreadadoptionandsustainableuseofallformsofrenewableenergy,includingbioenergy,geothermal,hydropower,ocean,solarandwindenergy,inthepursuitofsustainabledevelopment,energyaccess,energysecurityandlow-carboneconomicgrowthandprosperity.www.irena.org Acknowledgements ThisreportwasdevelopedbyIRENAwiththetechnicalsupportofAalborgUniversity.Inputs,feedbackandsupportwithdatacollectionwerereceivedfromthefollowingMongolianexperts:GanzorigShagdarsuren,EnkhtuyaYondonjamtsandNamjiljavBatchuluun(MinistryofEnergyofMongolia),BatjargalZamba(MinistryofEnvironmentandTourismofMongolia),EnkhjargalB.(EnergyRegulatoryCommission),ErdenebayarBatbuyanandBatmendLuvsandorj(Ulaanbaatardistrictheatingcompany),UlemjDamiranandByambatsogtPashka(MongolianofUniversityScienceandTechnology),andByambatumur(Khovd).Furtherinputwasreceivedfromthefollowinginternationalexperts:LarsGulev(VEKS,Denmark),WilliamKwihyunKahng(SouthKoreaDistrictHeatingCompany),BayarkhuuChinzorigt(GGGI),DunjaHoffmann(GIZ)andYasinJanjua(UNDP). Contributors:ThereportwaspreparedundertheoverallguidanceofGurbuzGonul(Director,CountryEngagementandPartnerships,IRENA)andAmjadAbdulla(IRENA).ItwasauthoredbyJackKirujaandJoongYeopLee(IRENA),MichelleRamirez(ex-IRENA),SteffenNeilsen,DianaMoreno,FrederikDahlNielsenandHamzaAbid(AalborgUniversity)andErbarAgarjav(Consultant).ValuableinputwasalsoprovidedbyIRENAcolleaguesSimonBenmarraze,FranciscoBoshell,AbbieDean,JinleiFeng,RicardoGorini,HannahGuinto,PaulKomor,PaulaNardone,PabloRalonandWarihAjiPamungkas.ThereportwaseditedbyJustinFrench-Brooks;layoutanddesignwereprovidedbyGlendonBunn. ThisreportwasdevelopedintheframeworkoftheGlobalGeothermalAlliance,amulti-stakeholderplatformforenhancingdialogue,co-operationandco-ordinatedactiontofosterdeploymentofgeothermalenergy. IRENAisgratefulforthesupportprovidedbytheGovernmentofNorwayinproducingthispublication.Forfurtherinformationortoprovidefeedback:publications@irena.org Thisreportisavailablefordownloadat:www.irena.org/publications Disclaimer Thispublicationandthematerialhereinareprovided“asis”.AllreasonableprecautionshavebeentakenbyIRENAtoverifythereliabilityofthematerialinthispublication.However,neitherIRENAnoranyofitsofficials,agents,dataorotherthird-partycontentprovidersprovidesawarrantyofanykind,eitherexpressedorimplied,andtheyacceptnoresponsibilityorliabilityforanyconsequenceofuseofthepublicationormaterialherein. TheinformationcontainedhereindoesnotnecessarilyrepresenttheviewsofallMembersofIRENA.ThementionofspecificcompaniesorcertainprojectsorproductsdoesnotimplythattheyareendorsedorrecommendedbyIRENAinpreferencetoothersofasimilarnaturethatarenotmentioned.ThedesignationsemployedandthepresentationofmaterialhereindonotimplytheexpressionofanyopiniononthepartofIRENAconcerningthelegalstatusofanyregion,country,territory,cityorareaorofitsauthorities,orconcerningthedelimitationoffrontiersorboundaries. Contents Figures6 Tables8 Abbreviations9 Executivesummary10 1 Introduction15 1.1ThecurrentheatingsituationinMongolia15 1.2Mainchallengesandopportunities16 1.3Climatetargets20 1.4Needforastrategicheatplan20 2 Strategicheatingplanscopeandmethodology21 2.1Definingstrategicheatplanningingeneral21 2.2Scopeoftheplan25 2.3Methodology25 3 Heatdemandandrenewableenergyresources30 3.1Heatdemandinexistingbuildingsandsavingpotential30 3.2Districtheatingpotentialfortheenergysystemanalysis36 3.3Individualheatingdemand38 3.4Heatdemandinnewbuildings38 3.5Geothermal39 3.6Solarpotential41 3.7Windpotential44 3.8Bioenergy46 3.9Heatpumpsandalternativeheatsources47 3.10Wasteincineration49 3.11Excessindustrialheat49 3.12Thermalstorage51 4 5 ©Rattodisabina/elements.envato.com 4 Casestudies52 4.1Casestudy1-Ulaanbaatar52 4.2Casestudy2-IntegrationofsolarintothedistrictheatingsupplyofKhovd63 4.3Casestudy3–GeothermalheatinTsetserlegcity68 5 Technicalandregulatorybarriers,andproposedrecommendations70 5.1Implementationchallenges71 5.2Potentialsolutions72 6References74 AppendixA–Detailedmethodologydescription79 AppendixB–Technologyandcostdata92 AppendixC–GISMeth