2023世界能源统计年鉴

2023|72ndedition StatisticalReview ofWorldEnergy Inpartnershipwith TheEnergyInstitute(EI)StatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy™analysesdataonworldenergymarketsfromtheprioryear. TheReviewhasbeenprovidingtimely,comprehensiveandobjectivedatatotheenergycommunitysince1952. Discovermoreonline Allthetablesandchartsfoundintheprintededitionareavailableatenergyinst.org/statistical-reviewplusanumberofextras,including: •Theenergychartingtool–viewpredeterminedreportsorchartspecificdataaccordingtoenergytype,region,countryandyear. •Historicaldatafrom1965formanysections.Additionalcountryandregionalcoverageforallconsumptiontables. •AnExcelworkbookanddatabaseformatofthedata. DownloadtheEnergyStatisticalReviewapp Exploretheworldofenergyfromyourtabletorsmartphone. Customisechartsandperformcalculations.Reviewthedataonlineandoffline.DownloadtheappforfreefromtheAppleAppStoreandGooglePlayStore. AppleAppStoreGooglePlayStore. Introduction 2Foreword 32022Keyhighlights 42022Keycharts Primaryenergy 8Consumption 9Consumptionbyfuel 11Consumptionpercapita Carbon 12Carbondioxideemissionsfromenergy 13Naturalgas:flaring 14Carbondioxideequivalentemissions Oil 15Production 19Consumption 24Prices 25Refining 27Trademovements Naturalgas 30Production 32Consumption 34Prices 37Trademovements Coal 39Production 40Trademovements 42Consumption Nuclearenergy 43Consumption Hydroelectricity 44Consumption Renewableenergy 45Consumption 46Generation 47Generationbysource 48Solarcapacity 49Windcapacity 50Biofuelsproduction 51Biofuelsconsumption Electricity 52Generation 53Generationbyfuel Keyminerals 54Production 54Reserves 55Prices Methodology 56Moredetailonthemethodology Appendices 58Approximateconversionfactors 59Definitions 60Moreinformation EnergyInstituteStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy20231 Foreword Publishingthe72ndStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergyisasignificantmomentfortheEnergyInstitute(EI). Asthecharteredprofessionalmembershipbodyforpeoplewhoworkacrosstheworldofenergy,theEIanditsprecursorbodiesdatebackmorethanacentury.Thismajoradditiontoourbodyofworkunderpinsourdeterminationtobringthebestevidencetobearinthevitaldecisionsmadebythebusinesscommunity,policymakersandacademics inenergy. WithourpartnersKPMGandKearney,thecontinuinginvolvementofHeriot-WattUniversityandwithenormousthankstobpforsevendecades’workbuildingoneoftheworld’smostrespectedenergydatasources,weareopeninganewchapterinthestoryoftheStatisticalReview. Itcontinuestobefull,firstandfree:thefullest,mostreliableaccountofenergyproduction,consumption,tradeandemissions;thefirstdatasourcetoprovideacompleteglobalpictureofthepreviousyear;andcompletelyfreetoaccessforusers. Thisyearmorethanever,itprovidesinsightintohowourenergysystemsareadaptingtoescalatingenvironmentalandgeopoliticalcrises.Thedatashedlightonayearinenergydefinedbythreecriseslayeredoneontopoftheother–onsupply,priceandclimate. Justastheworldemergedfromthehugeimpactonenergydemandcausedbytheglobalpandemic,2022witnessedenergymarketsagainincrisis,asRussia’sinvasionofUkraineupendedassumptionsaboutsupplyandsentoutripplesaroundtheworld.Thatinturnprecipitatedapricecrisisandprofoundcost-of-livingpressuresacrossmanyeconomies. Thisyearmorethanever,itprovidesinsightintohowourenergysystemsareadaptingtoescalatingenvironmentalandgeopoliticalcrises. Morefundamentally,wehaveseenfurtherandevermoredangerousimpactsofclimatechangeacrossallcontinents.Anddespitebroadconsensusontheneedtoreachnetzero,globalenergy-relatedgreenhousegasemissionsarestillheadinginthewrongdirection. TheStatisticalReviewprovidesahighlevelviewoftheglobalenergysystem,ofhowglobalmarketsarefaringunderthesepressures,andhowtheenergytransitionisevolving. AttheEI,theStatisticalReviewhasanew,long-term,independenthome.Userswillfindallofthefamiliarelements –bothinprintandonline.Welookforwardtoworkingwiththeusercommunitytoensureitstaysrelevantasweworktogethertoacceleratethetransitiontoacleaner,moresecureenergyfuture. JulietDavenportOBEHonFEI, President,EnergyInstitute DrNickWaythCEngFEIFIMechE, CEO,EnergyInstitute Backtocontents⮌ 2022Keyhighlights Whilst2022sawenergydemandcontinuetorecoverfromtheCOVID-19pandemic,legacysupplychainissues,alongwithconflictinUkraine,continuedtoimpacttheglobalenergysector. Energydevelopments •2022sawa1%increaseintotalprimaryenergyconsumptiontakingittoaround3%abovethe2019pre-COVIDlevel. •Renewables’(excludinghydroelectricity)shareofprimaryenergyconsumptionreached7.5%,anincreaseofnearly1%overthepreviousyear. •Fossilfuelconsumptionasapercentageofprimaryenergyremainedsteadyat82%. Carbonemissions •Carbondioxideemissionsfromenergyuse,industrialprocesses,flaringandmethane(incarbondioxideequivalentterms)continuedtorisetoanewhighgrowing0.8%in2022to39.3GtCO2e,withemissionsfromenergyuserising0.9%to34.4GtCO2e. •Incontrast,carbondioxideemissionsfromflaringdecreasedby3.8%andemissionsfrommethaneandindustrialprocessesdecreasedby0.2%. Oil •Brentcrudeoilpricesaveraged$101/bblin2022,itshighestlevelsince2013. •Oilconsumptioncontinuedtoincrease,risingby2.9millionbarrelsperday(b/d)to97.3millionb