bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2022

bpStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy 2022|71stedition TheStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergyanalysesdataonworldenergymarketsfromtheprioryear. TheReviewhasbeenprovidingtimely,comprehensiveandobjectivedatatotheenergycommunitysince1952. Discovermoreonline Allthetablesandchartsfoundintheprintededitionareavailableatbp.com/statisticalreviewplusanumberofextras,including: •Theenergychartingtool–viewpredeterminedreportsorchartspecificdataaccordingtoenergytype,region,countryandyear. •Historicaldatafrom1965formanysections.Additionalcountryandregionalcoverageforallconsumptiontables. •AnExcelworkbookanddatabaseformatofthedata. DownloadthebpWorldEnergyapp Exploretheworldofenergyfromyourtabletorsmartphone. Customizechartsandperformthecalculations.Reviewthedataonlineandoffline.DownloadtheappforfreefromtheAppleAppStoreandGoogleplaystore. Contents Introduction 2Chiefeconomist’sintroduction 32021ataglance 42021:Sixkeycharts Primaryenergy 8Consumption 9Consumptionbyfuel 11Consumptionpercapita CO2 Carbon 12Carbondioxideemissionsfromenergy 13Naturalgas:Flaring 14Carbondioxideequivalentemissions Oil 15Production 20Consumption 24Prices 25Refining 27Trademovements Naturalgas 29Production 31Consumption 33Prices 36Trademovements Coal 38Production 39Consumption 40Pricesandtrademovements Nuclearenergy 41Consumption Hydroelectricity 42Consumption Renewableenergy 43Renewablesconsumption 44Renewablepowergeneration 45Generationbysource 46Solarcapacity 47Windcapacity 48Biofuelsproduction 49Biofuelsconsumption Electricity 50Generation 51Generationbyfuel Keyminerals 52Production 53Reserves 53Prices Methodology 54Moredetailonthemethodology Appendices 56Approximateconversionfactors 56Definitions 57Moreinformation Acknowledgements Wewouldliketoexpressoursinceregratitudetothemanycontactsworldwidewhoprovidethepubliclyavailabledataforthispublication,andtotheresearchersattheCentreforEnergyEconomicsResearchandPolicy,Heriot-WattUniversitywhoassistinthedatacompilation. Chiefeconomist’sintroduction Thepronounceddipincarbonemissionsin2020wasonlytemporary. Thechallengesanduncertaintiesfacingtheglobalenergysystemareattheirgreatestforalmost50years,sincethetimeofthelastgreatenergyshocksofthe1970s. MostimmediateistheimpactoftheterribleeventstakingplaceinUkraine,withitstragictollonlivesandcommunities.Thewaralsothreatenstoleadtoshortagesinfoodandenergy,whichcoulddetractmateriallyfromhealthandwellbeingacrosstheglobe.Fromanenergyperspective,thegrowingshortagesandincreasingpriceshighlightthecontinuingimportanceofenergy‘security’and‘affordability’alongside‘lowercarbon’whenaddressingtheenergytrilemma. ThisimmediatechallengesitsalongsidetheneedfortheworldtoachieveadeepandrapiddecarbonizationconsistentwithmeetingtheParisclimategoals.Considerableprogresshasbeenmadeinsovereignpledgestoachievenetzero,butthosegrowingambitionshaveyettotranslateintotangibleprogressontheground:carbonemissionshaverisenineveryyearsincetheParisgoalswereagreed(otherthanin2020attheheightoftheCOVID-19pandemic).Theworldremainsonanunsustainablepath. Addedtothosechallenges,asCOVID-19restrictionsaroundmuchoftheworldarerelaxedandeconomicactivityrecovers,energyconsumptionisexpandingsharplyincreasingthedemandsonavailableenergysuppliesandhighlightingfragilitiesinthesystem. Respondingtothosemultiplechallengesanduncertaintiesrequirestimely,objectiveandcomprehensivedata.Thatistherolebp’sStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergyhasbeenplayingforthepast71yearsandcontinuestoplaythisyear. Thisyear’sdatashowasharpbouncebackinglobalprimaryenergyin2021,increasingbyalmost6%andmorethanreversingthesharpfallinenergyconsumptionin2020asmuchoftheworldlockeddown.Primaryenergyusein2021isestimatedtobemorethan1%aboveits2019level. Inmanyways,thissharpreboundinenergydemandisasignofglobalsuccess,drivenbyarapidrecoveryineconomicactivityasthewidespreaddistributionofeffectivevaccinesallowedforaneasinginCOVID-19restrictionsinmanypartsoftheworldandareturntooureverydaylives.Butitalsohighlightsthatthe pronounceddipincarbonemissionsin2020wasonlytemporary:carbonequivalentemissionsfromenergy(includingmethane),industrialprocesses,andflaringincreasedby5.7%lastyear. Smoothingthroughtheimpactofthepandemic,emissionswerebroadlyunchangedoverthepasttwoyears. Encouragingly,renewableenergy,ledbywindandsolarpower,continuedtogrowstronglyandnowaccountsfor13%oftotalpowergeneration.Renewablegenerationincreasedbyalmost17%in2021andaccountedforoverhalfoftheincreaseinglobalpowergenerationoverthepasttwoyears. Thelow-carbonenergysourcesandtechnologiesneededtoachieveafastanddeepdecarbonizationexisttoday–windandsolarpower,biofuels,blueandgreenhydrogen,CCUS (carboncapture,useandstorage),andcarbondioxideremovals.Thechallengeistoapplythematunprecedentedpaceandscale.Atbp,weremaincommittedtoplayingourroleaswepursueournetzeroambition.Ihopethisyear’sReviewisofusetoothersfollowingasimilarpathway.IwouldliketothankallthosewhohelpuscompiletheReview,includingthegovernmentsandstatisticalagenciesaroundtheworldwhohavecontributedtheirofficialdataagain.TheStatisticalReviewwouldnotbeposs