美国的农场和牧场一览：2022年版

EconomicResearchService EconomicInformationBulletinNumber247 December2022 America’sFarmsandRanchesataGlance 2022Edition ChristineWhitt,NoahMiller,andRyanOlver Forfurtherinformation,contact ChristineE.Whittchristine.whitt1@usda.govNoahMillernoah.j.miller@usda.gov RyanOlverryan.olver@usda.gov ImagesusedinthispublicationareaderivativeofimagesfromAdobeStock. Useofcommercialandtradenamesdoesnotimplyapprovalorconstituteendorse-mentbyUSDA. Toensurethequalityofitsresearchreportsandsatisfygovernmentwidestandards,ERSrequiresthatallresearchreportswithsubstantivelynewmaterialbereviewedbyqualifiedtechnicalresearchpeers.Thistechnicalpeerreviewprocess,coordinatedbyERS’PeerReviewCoordinatingCouncil,allowsexpertswhopossessthetechni-calbackground,perspective,andexpertisetoprovideanobjectiveandmeaningfulassessmentoftheoutput’ssubstantivecontentandclarityofcommunicationduringthepublication’sreview. InaccordancewithFederalcivilrightslawandU.S.DepartmentofAgriculture(USDA)civilrightsregulationsandpolicies,theUSDA,itsAgencies,offices,andemployees,andinstitutionsparticipatinginoradministeringUSDAprogramsareprohibitedfromdiscriminatingbasedonrace,color,nationalorigin,religion,sex,genderidentity(includinggenderexpression),sexualorientation,disability, age,maritalstatus,family/parentalstatus,incomederivedfromapublicassistanceprogram,politicalbeliefs,orreprisalorretaliationforpriorcivilrightsactivity,inanyprogramoractivityconductedorfundedbyUSDA(notallbasesapplytoallprograms).Remediesandcomplaintfilingdeadlinesvarybyprogramorincident. Personswithdisabilitieswhorequirealternativemeansofcommunicationforprograminformation(e.g.,Braille,largeprint,audiotape,AmericanSignLanguage,etc.)shouldcontacttheresponsibleAgencyorUSDA’sTARGETCenterat(202)720-2600(voiceandTTY)orcontactUSDAthroughtheFederalRelayService at(800)877-8339.Additionally,programinformationmaybemadeavailableinlanguagesotherthanEnglish. Tofileaprogramdiscriminationcomplaint,completetheUSDAProgramDis-criminationComplaintForm,AD-3027,foundonlineatHowtoFileaProgramDiscriminationComplaintandatanyUSDAofficeorwritealetteraddressedtoUSDAandprovideintheletteralloftheinformationrequestedintheform.Torequestacopyofthecomplaintform,call(866)632-9992.SubmityourcompletedformorlettertoUSDAby:(1)mail:U.S.DepartmentofAgriculture,OfficeoftheAssistantSecretaryforCivilRights,1400IndependenceAvenue,SW,Washington,D.C.20250-9410;(2)fax:(202)690-7442;or(3)email:program.intake@usda.gov. USDAisanequalopportunityprovider,employer,andlender. BroaddescriptionsoffarmsbasedonU.S.aver-agescanconcealvariationamongthemanysizesandtypesoffarms.Forexample,in2021,theaveragevalueofproductionfromthe2million U.S.farmsamountedto$203,391.However,fewfarmsareneartheaverage;halfofthefarmshadproductionvaluedat$7,900orless,and69percentofallproductionoccurredonfarmswithatleast$1millionofagriculturaloutput. Thisreportusesafarmclassification,orty-pology,developedbytheU.S.DepartmentofAgriculture(USDA),EconomicResearchService(ERS)tocategorizefarmsintomore homogeneousgroupingstobetterunderstandconditionsacrosstheUnitedStates’diversefarmsector.Theclassificationsusedinthisreportaremainlybasedoneachfarm’sannualrevenue,themainoccupationofthefarm’sprincipalopera-tor,andfamilyversusnonfamilyfarmowner-ship.Thisreportincludesmanysectionsthatappearineachannualedition.Generally,dataandstatisticsforthesesectionshavevariedlittlefromyeartoyear,aschangesintheagricultur-alsector’sstructureareusuallygradual.ThiseditionreportsthedistributionofUSDAandnonUSDACoronavirus(COVID-19)pandemicassistancefarmsreceivedin2021andenhancescoverageoffarmfinancialstressbyincludinginformationonshort-termdebtsandfungibleassets.Alsoreportedarefarminputpurchasestrategies,adoptionratesofagritourism,andthepercentageoffarmhouseholdmemberswithhealthcarecoverage. 2America’sFarmsandRanchesataGlance:2022Edition FarmTypology Thefarmtypology,developedin2013byUSDA,ERS,focusesprimarilyonthe“familyfarm,”oranyfarmorranchwherethemajorityofthebusinessisownedbyanyoperatorandbyindividualswhoarerelatedtoanyoftheoperators.Sincethe1970s,USDAhasdefinedafarmasanyplacethat,duringagivenyear,producedandsold—ornormallywouldhaveproducedandsold—atleast$1,000ofagriculturalproductsnotadjustedforinflation.USDAusesacresofcropsandheadsoflivestocktodeterminewhetherafarmorranchwithsalesoflessthan$1,000couldnormallyproduceandselltheminimumamountrequiredtobecategorizedasafarm.Farmsize ismeasuredbygrosscashfarmincome(GCFI),ameasureofthefarm’srevenue,includingsalesofcropsandlivestock,Governmentpayments,andotherfarm-relatedincome,includingfeesreceivedbyoperatorsfromproductioncontracts. ThisreportuseddatafromtheAgriculturalResourceManagementSurvey(ARMS),anannualsurveyconductedbyUSDA,NationalAgriculturalStatisticsService(NASS)andUSDA,EconomicResearchService(ERS).Mostoftheanalysisinthisreportisbasedonausablesampleofapproximately13,716farmsfromthe2021ARMS. America’sFarmsandRanchesataGlance:2022Edition3 Smallfamilyfarms(GCFIlessthan$350,000) •Retirementfarms:Smallfarmswhoseprincipaloperatorsreporthav-ingretir