2022年科学与工程指标报告

NATIONALSCIENCEBOARD SCIENCE&ENGINEERINGINDICATORS2O22 PublicAttitudes ScienceandTechnology:PublicPerceptions,AwarenessandInformationSources NSB-2022-7 May04,2022 congressionallymandatedreportonthestateoftheU.S.scienceandengineeringenterprise.Itispolicy relevantandpolicyneutral.ndicatorsisprepareduncertheguidanceoftheNationalScienceBoardby theNationalCenterforScienceandEngineeringStatistics,afederalstatisticalagencywithintheNationalScienceFoundation.Withthe2020edition,ingicatorsischangingfromasinglereporttoasetof disaggregatedandstreamlinedreportspublishedonarollingbasis.Detaileddatatableswillcontinueto beavailableonline. NationalScienceBoardISclence&EngineeringindieetorsINSD-2022-7 NationalScienceBoardISclence&EngineeringindicetorsINSB-2022-7 TableofContents ExecutiveSummary5 Introduction PublicPerceptionsofScienceandTechnology80 GeneralPerceptionsofS&T8 PerceptionsofScientists11 PerceptionsofEngineersandEngineering13 PerceptionsofSpecificS&TIssues14 PublicFamiliaritywithScienceandTechnologyResearchProcesses22 InformationSourcesandInvolvement27 SourcesofInformationaboutScience27 EngagementwithScienceActivities 31 Conclusion 9 Glossary 37 Definitions KeytoAcronymsandAbbreviationsReferences BE Notes 43 AcknowledgmentsandCitation Acknowledgments Citation 44 ContactUs 45 ReportAuthors 45 NCSES 45 NationalScienceBoardISclence&Engineeringind/cetorsINSB-2022-7 ListofSidebars U.S.PublicPerceptionsofCoVID-19Research 15 ListofTables PPS-1Confidenceinscientiststoactinthebestinterestsofthepublic,bydemographiccharacteristics:2020 13 PPS-2Americans’understandingofthesclentificmethod:2020 24 PPS-3Confidenceinscientiststoactinthebestinterestsofthepublic,byperceptionofthescientificmethod:2020 25 PPS-4 method:2020 26 PPS-5Participationinscienceactivitiesinthepast12months,byfamilyincomeandeducation:2020 EE PPS-ACOVID-19vaccinationstatusandIntenttogetaCOVID-19vacclne,HouseholdPulseSurvey:January2021 18 andSeptember2021 ListofFigures PPS-1 Publicassessmentofbenefitsandharmsofscientificresearch:Selectedyears,19792018 00 PPS-2 U.S,adultswhoagreethatsciencemakesourwayoflifechangetoofast,thatscienceprovidesmore 6 Selectedyears,19922018 PPS-3 Trustinscience,bycountry:2018 10 PPS-4 Publicperceptionofscientists:Selectedyears,19852018 11 PPS-5 Perceivedknowledgeaboutscience,bycountry:2018 23 PPS-6 TrledtogetInformatlonaboutsclenceInthepast30days,bycountry:2018 28 PPS-7 Triedtogetinformationaboutmedicine,disease,orhealthinthepast30days,bycountry:2018 29 PPS-8 HowoftenU.S.adultsthoughtabouttheimpactofscienceontheireverydaylives,beforeandduringthe COVID-19pandemic:2019and2020 PPS-9 Participationinsclenceactivitiesinthepast12months:2020 32 PPS-10 Helpedachildwithascienceprojectinthepast12months,byfamilyincomeandeducation:2020 te PPS-A Respondentswhocorrectlyansweredfactualknowledgequestionaboutwhetherantibioticskillviruses: 16 Selectedyears,19882018 PPS-B AmongthosewhohavenotreceivedaCovID-19vaccine,reasonsforintendingnottogetavaccine:January 19 2021andSeptember2021 NationalSeienceBoardISclence&EngineeringindicetorsINSB-2022-7 ExecutiveSummary Keytakeaways: Publicconfidenceinsclenceandscientistsremainshigh,withthemajorityofAmericanadultsreportingpositiveassessmentsofscienceandscientists suchasphysicians)andscientistsgenerallyin2020thantheydidin2016;24%reporteda“greatdealofconfidenceinmedicalsclentistsIn2016,and43%ofrespondentsreportedsuchconfidenceIn2020,withanIncreasefrom21%to 39%forscientistsgenerally. understandingofscientificlogictendtoexpressmoretrustinscientiststoactinthebestinterestofsocietythan thosewhoexpresslessunderstanding. Americanadultsreportseekinginformationonsciencemorethantheircounterpartsinmostothercountrieswith soughtinformationaboutmedicineordisease. OnlyaminorityofAmericanadultsreportanyrecentexperiencewithvariousscienceactivities,suchasmakingobservationsforaresearchproject(7%)orparticipatinginanonlinecrowdsourcingactivityrelatedtodatacollection forsclence(3%). Householdswithgreaterparenteducationalattainmentorincomereportmoreexposuretosciencethroughchildren's activities,suchasschoolprojects,thandohouseholdswithlowereducationalattainmentorincome. ManyofthedatapresentedinthisreportwerecollectedpriortotheCOVID-19pandemic,althoughsomedatareflectperceptionsmeasuredduringthepandemic. ResearchershavemeasuredAmericans'understandingofS&Tfordecadesandhavenotedapatternofpositive perceptionsaboutscienceandscientistsovertime.Thisreportdescribesthatpatternandconsidershowthose perceptionsvarybetweenpeoplewithdifferentcharacteristics.Thereportalsodescrlbesthestateofresearchonpublic understandingofspecificscienceandengineeringtopics(suchasclimatechangescience)andperceptionsofcertaintypesofS&Tprofessionals(suchasengineers). Howcommunicationprofessionalspresentscientificdevelopmentscanshapepublicreactions;descriptionsofhow sclentistsconductresearchcanImproveordiscouragepubllcacceptanceofInformationresultingfromthatresearch.Thlsreportdescribesevidenceonpublicreactiontoclinlcaltrlals,forexample,whichsuggeststhatannouncing