Drug Treatment in the Criminal Justice System: The Current State of Knowledge

Drug Treatment in the Criminal Justice System: The Current State of Knowledge Daniel P. Mears Laura Winterfield John Hunsaker Gretchen E. Moore Ruth M. White RESEARCH REPORT January 2003 research for safer communities URBAN INSTITUTE Justice Policy Center Drug Treatment in the Criminal Justice System: The Current State of Knowledge This report is one of an Urban Institute four-part series on drug treatment in the criminal justice system: Drug Treatment in the Criminal Justice System: The Current State of Knowledge by Daniel P. Mears, Laura Winterfield, John Hunsaker, Gretchen E. Moore, and Ruth M. White Voices from the Field: Practitioners Identify Key Issues in Corrections-Based Drug Treatment by Gretchen E. Moore and Daniel P. Mears A Meeting of the Minds: Researchers and Practitioners Discuss Key Issues in Corrections-Based Drug Treatment by Gretchen E. Moore and Daniel P. Mears Improving the Link Between Research and Drug Treatment in Correctional Settings — Summary Report by Daniel P. Mears, Gretchen E. Moore, Jeremy Travis, and Laura Winterfield These reports are available as downloadable PDF files from the Urban Institute: www.urban.org To receive free email updates on research from the Justice Policy Center, send an email to JPC@ui.urban.org. URBAN INSTITUTE Justice Policy Center 2100 M STREET, NW WASHINGTON, DC 20037 www.urban.org  2002 The Urban Institute Points of view or opinions expressed in this docu-ment are those of the author(s) alone and do not necessarily represent the official position or poli-cies of the National Institute on Drug Abuse, the Urban Institute, its board, or its funders. Report design by David Williams ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors gratefully acknowledge the funding for this project, Strong Science for Strong Practice, provided by the National Insti-tute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), Contract #N01DA-1-1104. The NIDA staff provided considerable support through-out all stages of this project. Special thanks are extended to Alan Leshner, Jack Stein, Pete Delany, Bennett Fletcher, and Jane Smither Holland. Glen Fischer of the Management Assistance Corporation assisted with the ongoing contractual issues in managing the project and helped ensure the success of the meeting of practitioners and researchers. Special thanks is given for the support provided by many Urban Institute staff, including Adele Harrell, Dionne Davis, Ruth White, John Hunsaker, and Dave Williams. Finally, we extend our appre-ciation and thanks to the many criminal justice practitioners and researchers who provided assistance with and/or participated in various stages of this project. Contents Executive Summary............................................................................................ Exec - 1 Chapter 1. Prison Growth, Drug Abuse, and Treatment in the Criminal Justice System ....................................... Exec - 2 Chapter 2. Screening and Assessment for Drug Treatment in the Criminal Justice System ................................... Exec - 6 Chapter 3. Drug Treatment in the Criminal Justice System .......................................................................Exec - 10 Chapter 4. Drug Treatment Effectiveness in theCriminal Justice System ....................................................... Exec - 14 Chapter 5. Post-Release Drug Treatment in the Criminal Justice System ....................................................... Exec - 16 Chapter 6. Barriers to Drug Treatment inthe Criminal Justice System .......................................................... Exec - 18 CHAPTER 1. Prison Growth, Drug Abuse, and Treatment in the Criminal Justice System ............ 1-1 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................. 1-2 INCARCERATION TRENDS ...................................................................................... 1-2 Increases in State and Federal Prison Incarceration ....................................................................................... 1-2 Increases in State and Federal Prison Incarceration Drug-Related Offenses ........................................................... 1-3 EXPENDITURE TRENDS ......................................................................................... 1-4 Expenditures on Corrections ................................................................................................................... 1-4 Expenditures on Drug Treatment as Proportion of Total Expenditures ................................................................. 1-4 PREVALENCE OF DRUG USE.................................................................................... 1-5 Arrest.............................................................................................................................................. 1-5 Jail ............................................................................................................................