Volume II: Appendices: National- and State-Level Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Eligibles and Program Reach in 2014, and Updated Estimates for 2005-2013

United States Department of Agriculture Nutrition Assistance Program Report Series Food and Nutrition Service, Office of Policy Support Special Nutrition Programs Report No. WIC-17-ELIG Volume II Appendices National and State-Level Estimates of Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Eligibles and Program Reach in 2014, and Updated Estimates for 2005-2013 September 2017 USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. September 2017 Special Nutrition Programs Report No. WIC-17-ELIG Volume II Appendices National and State-Level Estimates of Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Eligibles and Program Reach in 2014, and Updated Estimates for 2005-2013 Authors: Paul Johnson, David Betson, Lorraine Blatt, and Linda Giannarelli Submitted by: The Urban Institute 2100 M Street, NW Washington, DC 20037 Project Director: Linda Giannarelli Submitted to: Office of Policy Support Food and Nutrition Service 3101 Park Center Drive Alexandria, VA 22302-1500 Project Officer: Grant Lovellette The opinions expressed reflect those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Urban Institute. This study was conducted under Contract numbers AG-3198-B-10-0016 and GS-23F-8198H with the Food and Nutrition Service. This report is available on the Food and Nutrition Service web site: http://www.fns.usda.gov/research-and-analysis. Suggested Citation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service, Office of Policy Support. National and State-Level Estimates of Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Eligibles and Program Reach in 2014, and Updated Estimates for 2005-2013, by Paul Johnson, David Betson. Lorraine Blatt, and Linda Giannarelli. Project Officer: Grant Lovellette. Alexandria, VA: September 2017. United States Department of Agriculture This page was left intentionally blank. Acknowledgements The authors gratefully acknowledge the guidance provided by numerous individuals at FNS and other organizations. Grant Lovellette, the FNS project officer, provided guidance throughout the project. Staff of the WIC Division of FNS have provided insights and review over the course of the project. Staff of the Centers for Disease Control supplied tabulations of breastfeeding rates from the National Immunization Survey; we owe particular thanks to CDC staff member Jian Chen. Our project officer, individuals in the WIC Division, and staff of the Economic Research Service all provided important comments on an earlier version of this report, improving its clarity and accuracy. Dr. Marianne Bitler served as expert advisor and provided valuable insights regarding what updates to the methods should be undertaken. We also thank Dr. Aaron Yelowitz for providing data on earlier adjustment-factor estimation, and we thank staff of Insight Policy Research for assistance related to the WIC Participant and Program Characteristics data. At the Urban Institute, our colleague Joyce Morton conducted a portion of the complex programming needed to update adjustment factors. Finally, our work builds on the efforts of several former colleagues. Sheila Zedlewski directed the initial years of an earlier contract between the Urban Institute and FNS, under which the State and territory methods were developed, Michael Martinez-Schiferl developed the technical estimation framework, and Erika Huber contributed to the refinement of those methods. All errors and omissions remain the responsibility of the authors. This page was left intentionally blank. Contents Appendix A. Detailed Information Related to National Estimates A-1 Appendix B. Detailed Information Related to State Estimates B-1 Appendix C. Coverage Rate Maps C-1 Appendix D. Updated Methods and Results for WIC Eligibility, 2005-2013 D-1 Appendix E. Method for Calculating the Annual-to-Monthly Adjustment Factors Applied to Children E-1 Appendix F. Steps in Determination of WIC Eligibility 2005-2013 F-1 Appendix G. Impact of Changes in Methods Related to Postpartum Eligibility G-1 Appendix H. Data for the Figures in Volumes I and II H-1 This page was left intentionally blank. National- and State-Level Estimates of WIC Eligibles and Program Reach: Appendices Page A-1 Appendix A Detailed Information Related to National Estimates The tables in this appendix show various details related to the national-level estimates of WIC eligibility. These tables document the assumptions and calculations used to produce the estimates. The tables focus primarily on the 2014 estimates, but some information is also provided related to the re-estimation of eligibility for the years 2005 through 2013. A description of each table is given below. Some of the tables provide the same information as in Volume 1; they are repeated here to provide a comprehensive record of the methods in this volume. Several of these tables are particularly relevant