2022年全球经济、贸易和发展趋势统计报告

HANDBOOKOR STATISTICS 2022 United Nations Geneva,2022 2022HandbookofStatistics 2022,UnitedNations Alrightsreservedworldwide RequeststoreproduceexcerptsortophotocopyshouldbeacidiressedtotheCopyrightClearanceCenteratcopyright.com Allotherqueriesonrightsandlicences,includingsubsidiaryrights,shouldbeaddressedto: UnitedNationsPublications405East42ndStreet NewYork,NewYork10017 UnitedStatesofAmerica Emal:publicaticns@un.orgWebsite;https:/shop.un.org/ Thedesignationsemployedandthepresentationofmaterielonanymapinthisworkdonotimplytheexpressionofany ofitsauthorities,orconcerningthedelimitationofitsfrontiersorboundaries. AdisputeexistsbetweentheGovernmentsofArgentinaandtheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland concerningsovereigntyovertheFalklandIslands(Malvinas). ThefinalboundarybetweentheSudanandSouthSudanhasnotyetbeendetermined. Thispublicationhasnotbeenformallyedited. UnitedNationspublicationissuedbytheUnitedNationsConferenceonTradeandDevelopment TD/STAT,47 ISBN:978-92-1-113076-8 elSBN:978-92-1-002178-4 ISSN:1992-8408 elSSN:2225-3270 SalesNo.E.22..D.45 HandbookofStatistics 2022 Notes ThetablesinthishandbookrepresentextractionsfromoranalyticalsummariesofdatasetscontainedintheUNCTADstat DataCentre,availableat: https://unctadstat.unctad.org/ UNCTADstatisccntinuouslyupdatedandenhanced,thusprovidinguserswiththelatestavalablestatistics. Consequently,thefiguresfromthishandbook,whichpresentsstatisticsatapointintime,maynotalwayscorrespondwiththelatestfiguresinUNCTADstat. Basicinformationonconcepts,definitionsandcalculationmethodsofthepresentedstatisticsareprovidedintheboxestitled'Conceptsanddefinitions"ineachsectionandinannex6.3ofthishandbook,MoredetailedinformationonthesourcesandmethodsusedforproductionofdataavailableinUNCTADstatcanbefoundinthedocumentation attachedtotherespectiveUNCTADstatdataset(UNCTAD,2022a). tospecificgroupsisdoneforstatisticalconvenienceanddoesnotimplyanyassumptionregardingthepoliticalorotheraffiliationoftheseeconomiesbytheUnitedNations.Likewise,thedesignationsdeveloping"and*developed* particulareconomyinthedevelopmentprocess. Duetotheremovalofthegroupofthe*transitioneconomies"inthe2021edition,andduetoareclassificationofthe developmentstatusoftheRepublicofKoreain2022,theclassiicationofeconomiesinto*developingand"developed* appliedinthishandbookisdifferentfromtheclassificationusedineariereditions.Also,abroaderdefinitionofsmallisland developingStates(SlDS)asdefinedbytheUnitedNationsOffioeoftheHighRepresentativefortheLeastDeveiopedCountries,LandlockedDevelopingCountriesandSmalllslandDevelopingStates(UN-OHRLLS)isappliedsince2021. details,seeannex6.2ofthishandbook. ThepopulationdatausedinthiseditionhavebeensubstantiallyrevisedbytheUnitedNationsPopulationDivisioninsummer2022.TheyreflectforthefirsttimetheeffectsoftheCOVID-19pandemic.Thishadanimpactonthefiguresofgrossdomesticproduct(GDP)percapita. Unlessotherwisespecified,thevaluesofgroupsofeconomiesrepresentthesumsofthevaluesoftheindividualeconomiesincludedinthegroup.CalculationoftheseaggregatesmaytakeintoaccountdataestimatedbytheUNCTAD secretariatthatarenotnecessariyreportedseparately.Whendatacoverageisinsufficientwithinagroupofeconomies, 'pauf/sses)(-)roqssurpueuaeuepunsuogebaubeou UnitedStatesdollars(USs)areexpressedincurrentUnitedStatesdollarsoftheyeartowhichtheyrefer,unless Duetospaceconstraints,thenamesofthefollowingcountriesmayappearinabbreviatedform;thePlurinationalState Iran,LaoPeople'sDemocraticRepublic,theFederatedStatesofMicronesia,theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainand NorthernIreland,andtheBolivarianRepublicofVenezuela. TheUNCTADHandbookofStatistics2022isavailableinPDFformatfromtheUNCTADwebsite,at https://unctad.org/HandbookOfStatistics.Thee-handbookisavailableathttps:/hbs.unctad.org. 3 2022HandbookofStatistics Theworldbydevelopmentstatus Developingeconomies Developedeconomies (//Leastdevelopedcountries(LDCs) HandbookofStatistics 2022 二 HandbookofStatistics TABLEOFCONTENTS Listofmapsandfigures8 Listoftables10 Introduction11 2022 Abc Abbreviationsand symbols12 1.International merchandisetrade14 2.Internationaltrade inservices32 3.Economictrends42 4.Population60 5.Maritimetransport70 6.Annexes84 2022HandbookofStatistics MapsandFigures MapsMap1.1Merchandiseexportsasaratiotogrossdomesticproduct,2021 16 Map1.2Mainworidimportflows,2021 20 Map1.3Mainexportproducts,2021 24 Map1.4Tradeopennessindex,2021 28 Map2.2Growthinservicesexportsbycategory,20162021 34 8E Map3.1Grossdomesticproductpercapita,2021 44 Map3.2Currentaccountbalanoeasaratiotogrossdomesticproduct,2021 48 Map3.3Foreigndirectinvestmentinfowsasaratiotogrossfixedcapitalformation,2021 52 Map3.4Annualgrowthofconsumerprices,2021 99 Map4.1Annualpopulationgrowth,2021 62 Map4.2Dependencyratio,2021 66 Map5.1Tonnageloacedanddischarged,2021 72 Map5.2Building,ownership,registrationandrecyclingofships,2021 76 Map5.3Linershippingconnectivity,2021-2022 80 Figures Figure1.1.1Worldmerchandiseexports16 Figure1.1.2Merchandisetradeannualgrowthrates,202117 Figure1.1.3Merchandisetradebalance17 Figure1