走出未知：世界卫生组织印度应对疫情的战略对策

E M E R G I N GF R O M T H EU N KN OWI N G WHO India’s strategic response to t he pandemic Emerging from the Unknowing: WHO India’s strategic response to the pandemic ISBN: 978-92-9022-100-5 © World Health Organization 2025 Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence(CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes, provided the work isappropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that WHO endorses any specific organization,products or services. The use of the WHO logo is not permitted. If you adapt the work, then you must license your work under the sameor equivalent Creative Commons licence. If you create a translation of this work, you should add the following disclaimer along with thesuggested citation: “This translation was not created by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO is not responsible for the content oraccuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the binding and authentic edition”. Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance with the mediation rules of the WorldIntellectual Property Organization (http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/mediation/rules/). Suggested citation. Emerging from the Unknowing: WHO India’s strategic response to the pandemic New Delhi: World Health Organization, Country Office for India; 2025. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) data.CIP data are available at http://apps.who.int/iris. Sales, rights and licensing.To purchase WHO publications, see http://apps.who.int/bookorders. To submit requests for commercialuse and queries on rights and licensing, see http://www.who.int/about/licensing. Third-party materials.If you wish to reuse material from this work that is attributed to a third party, such as tables, figures or images, it isyour responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that reuse and to obtain permission from the copyright holder. The risk ofclaims resulting from infringement of any third-party-owned component in the work rests solely with the user. General disclaimers.The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression ofany opinion whatsoever on the part of WHO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerningthe delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted and dashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may notyet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by WHOin preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products aredistinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by WHO to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material isbeing distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lieswith the reader. In no event shall WHO be liable for damages arising from its use. Printed in India Acknowledgment:Dr Roderico H. Ofrin overall concept and structure; Payden for strategic inputs and editing; Sophia Lonappan, GeorgeJoseph Kodickal, and Vidhya Chandramohan for research, content development, and writing. - WHO technical, administrative, and field teams across India whose work in supporting the Government of India during the pandemic is thecontent and core of this publication; contribution of photographs, stories and insights. - Listening Post for creative concept and design execution: Arfin Zukof for art direction and title, page treatment; Ghazia Jalal for cover design,creative input; and Mohammad Usman for layout and visual editing. The second wavewhen the countryheld its breath 9PAGEForeword A time of heartbreak andheroism—when everybreath was a battle, andevery life mattered Vacci nes:Whenhope took f light 13PAGEIntroduction The dawn ofthe pandemicMobilizing for impact A story of courage,collaboration, andthe collective actionto protect every life Living withuncertaintyFrontline workersinspired hope andcourage every single day First battle,a race against timeEarly days of uncertainty 70-99PAGE CONTENTS18-27PAGE 28-53PAGE 54-69PAGE 100-109PAGE Foreword The COVID-19 pandemic marked an unprecedented challenge for global public health systems. It was a period of uncertaintyand unknowing that brought us together in solidarity for the greater good. For India—a nation of extraordinary scale, diversityand complexity—the response demanded rapid coordination, scientific agility and an unwa